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Security
Other than an insurance policy or fixed annuity, any piece of securitized paper that can be traded for value.
Includes: note, stock, bond, investment contract, a venture, certificate of interest in a profit-sharing or partnership agreement, certificate of deposit, collateral trust certificate, proof organization certificate, option on the security, or other instrument of investment commonly known as a security
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Debt security
A security representing any investors loan to an issuer such as of Corporation, a municipality, the federal government, or a federal agency. In return for the loan, the issuer promises to repay the debt on the specified date and to pay interest
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Debt Investment
Alone to a company in exchange for interest income and the promise to repay the loan at a future maturity date
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Over-the-counter (OTC) market
Security exchange system in which broker-dealers negotiate directly with one another rather than through an auction on an exchange floor. Training takes place over computer and telephone networks
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New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
Auction market where buyers and sellers are matched by a specialist who maintains a fair and orderly market for a particular set of stocks. Largest stock exchange in the US
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Stock
Represents equity or ownership in a company; equity security
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Bond
Loan to accompany; debt security
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Balance sheet
A report of corporations financial condition at a specific time
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Balance sheet equation
- Assets = liabilities + net worth
- net worth = assets - liabilities
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Board of Directors (BOD)
Individual selected by stockholders to establish corporate mantra policies. The board of directors decides, among other issues if and when dividends will be paid
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Common stock
A security that represents ownership in a corporation. Holders of common stock exercise control by electing board of directors and voting on corporate policy
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Authorized stock
Number of shares of stock that Corporation can issue. Is stipulated in corporations state approved charter and may be changed by vote by stockholders
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Issued stock
Equity securities authorized by the issuer's registration statement and distributed to the public
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Outstanding stock
Equity securities issued by a corporation in the hands of the public; issued stock that you sure has not reacquired
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Treasury stock
Equity securities that the issuing corporation has issued an repurchase from the public at the current market price
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Par value
Dollar amount it sure assigns to a security.
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Capital surplus
Money a Corporation receives in excess of the stated value of the stock at the time of first sale
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Book value per share
Measure of the net worth of each share of common stock. Calculated by subtracting intangible assets and preferred stock from: net worth, then dividing results by number of shares of common outstanding
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Market value
Supply and demand value
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Book value
Current liquidation value of share
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Statutory voting
Voting procedure that stock will cast one vote per share own for each position. Benefits majority stockholders
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Cumulative voting
Voting procedure that prevents stockholder either to cast all of their votes for any one candidate or to cast their total number of votes in any proportion they choose. Benefits minority stockholder
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Proxy
limited power of attorney from the stockholder authorizing another person to vote on stockholder issues according to the first stockholder's instructions.
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Securities exchange security exchange commission (SEC)
Commission created by Congress to regulate the securities market and protect investors.
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Preemptive rights
Stockholders legal right to maintain her proportionate ownership by purchasing newly issued shares before the new stock is offered to the public's
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Limited liability
Investors right to limit potential losses to no more than the amount invested. Equity shareholders, such as corporate stockholders and limited partners, have limited liability
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Forward stock split
Increase the number of shares and reduces the price without affecting the total market value of shares outstanding
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Reverse split
Reduction in the number of a Corporation shares outstanding to increase the par value of its stock warrants earnings-per-share. Market value of total number of shares remains the same
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Short
Term used to describe the selling of the security contract, or commodity that the seller does not own
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Short sale
Sale of a security that the seller does not own, or any sale consummated by the delivery of a security borrowed by or for the account of the seller
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Capital gains
Profit realized when the capital asset is sold for a higher price than the purchase price
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Realized gain
Amount the taxpayer earns when he sells an asset
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Unrealized gains
Amount by which a security appreciates in value before it sold. Until it is sold the investor does not actually possess the sale proceeds
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Preferred stock
Equity security that represent ownership in a corporation. It is issued with the stated dividend, which must be paid before dividends are paid to common stockholders. Carries no voting rights
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Straight preferred (noncumulative)
Equity security that does not have to pay dividends in arrears to the holder
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Cumulative preferred stock
Equity security that offers the holder any unpaid dividends in arrears is dividends accumulate and must be paid to cumulative preferred stockholder before any dividends may be paid to common stockholders
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Convertible preferred stock
Equity security that may be exchanged for common stock at specified prices or rigs. Dividends may be collective or noncumulative
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Participating preferred Stock
Equity security that offers the holder of shared of corporate earnings remaining after all senior securities have been paid a fixed dividend. Payment is made in addition to pics dividend stated on the certificate and maybe cumulative or noncumulative
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Callable preferred stock
Type of preferred stock issued with a provision allowing the corporation call in the stock at a certain price and retired
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Dividends
Distribution of a corporations earnings. Maybe in the form of cash, stock, or property. BOD must declare dividends
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Cash dividend
Money paid to corporations stop older out-of-court rations current earnings or accumulated profits
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