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certificate of deposit
certificate issued by the bank acknowledging receipt of money and promising to pay it back; a promissory note issued by a bank
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certificate of Incorporation
document issued by a governmental authority granting a company status as a legal entity
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Certificate of Incorporation on Change of Name
(UK) certificate issued by Companies House when a company wishes to change its name. A copy of the special resolution of the company authorising a change of name must be submitted to Companies House along with a fee.
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cheque
(UK) a signed written order by its maker directing a bank to pay a specified sum to a named person or to that person's order on demand (US check)
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choice of law
determination of which jurisdiction's law applies
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civil law
legal system developed from Roman codified law, established by a state for its regulation; 2) area of the law concerned with non-criminal matters, rights and remedies
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claimant
(UK) person who brings a civil action (US) plaintiff
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clerk
(UK) court employee who takes records, files papers and issues processes; (US) also a law student who assists a lawyer or a judge with legal work such as research or writing
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collateral
property pledged as security for repayment of a debt obligation
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collective bargaining
process of negotiation between trade unions (or labor unions) and employers, usually regarding the terms and conditions of employment
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comity
principle that one country or jurisdiction will recognise the laws, decisions and legislation of another country or jurisdiction as a matter of courtesy and respect to that country
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commercial lease
lease entered into for business purposes, e.g. to sell products from, as opposed to private purposes, e.g. residential lease
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common law
(also case law, judge-made law) body of law formed through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written legislation
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Companies House
(UK) institution where all limited companies in the UK must be registered. It is an Executive Agency of the UK government Department of Trade and Industries (DTI).
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competition law
(UK) body of law that regulates business activities and markets, especially agreements and practices that limit competition (US antitrust law)
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complaint
first pleading filed on behalf of a plaintiff which initiates a lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based (civil law)
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compulsory winding-up
(UK) liquidation of a company after a petition to the court. usually by a creditor (US involuntary bankruptcy) International Legal English Second edition
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conciliation
process of bringing together the two sides in a dispute, often employment related, to discuss the problem and reach a settlement
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confer
to grant, to bestow
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conflict of interest
clash between a person's personal interests and their public or fiduciary responsibilities
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conflict of laws
(US) private international law
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consensual
agreed to by all parties
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consensual lien
security interest created by agreement between the debtor and creditor
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consequential damages
see special damages; Damages claimed and/or awarded in a lawsuit which were caused as a direct foreseeable result of wrongdoing.
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consideration
something of value given by one party to another in order to induce the other to contract. In common law, consideration is a necessary element for an enforceable contract.
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consolidation
combining of two companies to form an entirely new company
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constitutional amendment
change in a company's name, capital or objects
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Contract of Sale
written contract expressing the terms and conditions of the sale of land agreed to between the buyer and seller
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contract template
model agreement with particular items to be filled in
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conveyance
transfer of property rights in land from one person to another; an instrument used to transfer title to property
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