ILEC_03.txt

certificate issued by the bank acknowledging receipt of money and promising to pay it back; a promissory note issued by a bank

document issued by a governmental authority granting a company status as a legal entity

(UK) certificate issued by Companies House when a company wishes to change its name. A copy of the special resolution of the company authorising a change of name must be submitted to Companies House along with a fee.

(UK) a signed written order by its maker directing a bank to pay a specified sum to a named person or to that person's order on demand (US check)

determination of which jurisdiction's law applies

legal system developed from Roman codified law, established by a state for its regulation; 2) area of the law concerned with non-criminal matters, rights and remedies

(UK) person who brings a civil action (US) plaintiff

(UK) court employee who takes records, files papers and issues processes; (US) also a law student who assists a lawyer or a judge with legal work such as research or writing

property pledged as security for repayment of a debt obligation

process of negotiation between trade unions (or labor unions) and employers, usually regarding the terms and conditions of employment

principle that one country or jurisdiction will recognise the laws, decisions and legislation of another country or jurisdiction as a matter of courtesy and respect to that country

lease entered into for business purposes, e.g. to sell products from, as opposed to private purposes, e.g. residential lease

(also case law, judge-made law) body of law formed through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written legislation

(UK) institution where all limited companies in the UK must be registered. It is an Executive Agency of the UK government Department of Trade and Industries (DTI).

(UK) body of law that regulates business activities and markets, especially agreements and practices that limit competition (US antitrust law)

first pleading filed on behalf of a plaintiff which initiates a lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based (civil law)

(UK) liquidation of a company after a petition to the court. usually by a creditor (US involuntary bankruptcy) International Legal English Second edition

process of bringing together the two sides in a dispute, often employment related, to discuss the problem and reach a settlement

to grant, to bestow

clash between a person's personal interests and their public or fiduciary responsibilities

(US) private international law

agreed to by all parties

security interest created by agreement between the debtor and creditor

see special damages; Damages claimed and/or awarded in a lawsuit which were caused as a direct foreseeable result of wrongdoing.

something of value given by one party to another in order to induce the other to contract. In common law, consideration is a necessary element for an enforceable contract.

combining of two companies to form an entirely new company

change in a company's name, capital or objects

written contract expressing the terms and conditions of the sale of land agreed to between the buyer and seller

model agreement with particular items to be filled in

transfer of property rights in land from one person to another; an instrument used to transfer title to property