Microbio 102 Exam 3

amoebas

flagellates

• Cilia
• most highly evolved protozoans
• asexual fission
• sexual conjugation

• sporozoans, non motile
• obligate intracelluar parasites

10 - 400 nm

Poison

Virus protein coat surrounds nucleic acid core

Virus capsid can be surrounded by envelope made of lipid, carbs, and protein

typically a tiny piece of host cell membrane

• type of host cell infected (plant, animal, bacteria)
• type of nucleic acid
• mode of infection

bacteriophages

a fully developed (assembled) viral particle - capable of infection 

naked rna - many of these are plant pathogens

• infections proteins (no nucleic acid) cause disease
• implicated in diseases like Alzheimer's and some arthritis forms
• causes Mad Cow Disease and other SLOW VIRAL INFECTIONS

• naked virus
• enveloped virus
• complex virus

• one or more protein coats - CAPSIDS surround nucleic acid core
• capsids made of smaller units - CAPSOMERES

• capsid surrounded by envelop
• envelop made of host cell's plasa membrance
• may have SPIKES (made of carb/protein complexes)
• spikes characteristic of specific virus, helpful to ID virus

• bacteriophages or "phages"
• capsid, tail sheath, tail fiber, pins

• T-even bacteriophages infect different strains of E. coli
• 1- adsorption
• 2- penetration
• 3 - biosynthesis of vial components
• 4 - maturation and assembly
• 5 - release

entamoeba histolytica, simple direct life cycle

• Giardia lamblia
• Trichomonas vaginalis
• Trypanosoma gambiense/ Trypanosoma rhodiense
• Trypanosoma cruzi

Balantidium coli

• Plasmodium spp. 
• Toxoplasma gondii

• Phylum Sarcodina - Flagyl (metronidazole)
• Phylum Mastigophora - Flagyl (metronidazole) EXCEPT trypanosomes = Melarsprol
• Phylum Ciliata - Flagyl (metronidazole)
• Phylum Sporozoa - Toxoplasma for SIC = pyrimethamine/ trisulfapyrimidine

• *protolytic enzymes digest host tissue
• 1. dysentery
• 2. secondary infection w/ normal flora, usually accompained by fever
• 3. hepatomegaly

trophozoite and cyst

• Giardia lamblia
• phylum mastigophora

• many animal resevoirs (hosts)
• can infect many animal species
• mostly asymptomatic 
• most common: animal feces in water (cysts)
• less common: well water infected w/ cysts

Giardia lambia

• diarrhea 
• very severe, orange/grayish, intermittent, high fat content, abundant, profuse, malodorous 

• feces comtain low number of troph and cysts (because it holds on to gi tract tightly)
• intermittent 

giardia malabsorption syndrome: difficulty absorbing certain nutrients due to damaging intestine lining due to sucking disk. so nutrients difficult to absorb include especially lipids

trichomoniasis (STD)

• ONE: trophozoite ONLY
• no cyst stage, transmitted direct contact, usually sexually

• women: vaginal discharge, painly itichy red spots on vaginal mucosa
• men: penis discharge, penis tissue w/ painly itch red spots 

cosmopolitan 

• women: up to 80% affected women - asymptomatic for significant period of time (wks, months, +)
• men: usually show symptoms within days or weeks

• flagyl 
• same as entamoeba histolytica 

• blood tissue flagellates (leaf shaped) 
• efficient for moving through circulatory system 

blood sucking arthropods (insects)

trypanosomes

african sleeping sickness

tse tse fly

• initially: severe headache, increased apathy
• over period of months: convulsions, sleeping more
• w/o tx: death within 2 - 3 years 

melarsprol

Herpes simplex type 1

~1 week

herpes simplex type 2

herpesviridae family (dna virus) 

~2 weeks

through respiratory system

• fluid filled blisters 
• usually accompanied by fever

age risk: 15-25

aspirin and similar drugs

rare complication of many viral infections, seems to be improving but suddenly condition worsens

vomiting, sugns of brain dysfunction, can be followed by coma and death

• infectous mononucleosis (kissing disease (saliva exchange))
• Burkitts lymphoma

herpesviridae (DNA)

ds circular DNA

• 1. papilloma (warts, cervical cancer)
• 2. polyoma and simian viruses (cancers in animals, primarily tumors)

papovavirdae (ds circular dna)

DS (linear?) DNA

• serious respiratory infections 
• have spikes assisting in transmission

DS linear DNA

large complex viruses - cow pox, small pox

• 1. Picornaviridae
• 2. Paramyxoviruses
• 3. Togaviridae
• 4. Rhabdoviridae
• 5. Retroviridae 

• 1. polio viruses
• 2. rhino viruses 

common cold

• 1. diversity of strains
• 2. lack of durable immunity
• 3. no drugs to cure

ss linear dna

• 1. parainfluenza
• 2. measles
• 3. mumps

measles

high contageous, spread by respiratory secretions

only humans

• 1. vaccine only 95% effective
• 2. not everyone vaccinated

11-14 days

• cold like symptoms
• rashes in mouth (KOPLIK Spots)

rubeola

salivary gland, painfully swollen & fever

16-18 days

• mumps
• -if older males, 4-7 days after symptom onset and testes inflammed

Family Togaviridae (RNA)

rubella

inhaled respiratory route

2-3 weeks (longer than rubeola)

rash and fever

rubella

women (no previous exposure) infected during pregnancy

• deafness
• cataracts
• heart defects
• mental retardation

DS RNA

bullet shaped virus w/ envelope and spikes

RABIES, family rhabdovirdiae

• 1. usa good about pet vaccinations
• 2. programs to vaccinate wild animals
• 3. program P.E.T = post exposure treatment , window of opp before virus gains foothold

bite of infected animal, virus in salvia

• 30-50 days avg
• as long as six years
• depends on bite location, shorter in nerve rich areas

virus travels along periperal nevers until reach CNS and cause ENCEPHALITIS 

• agitation periods followed by calm periods
• painful throat spasms w/ cold air inhale or drink water
• DEATH (always) wih nerve/brain damage

• 1. furious rabies
• 2. paralytic rabies = minimal excitability

DS RNA

• ALL rna tumor viruses
• HIV
• viral hepatitis