Ch11

*Axial Muscles have both their origins and insertions on parts of the Axial Skeleton

*Axial Muscles support the head and spinal column

*Axial Muscles are used in facial expressions, chewing and swallowing

*Axial Muscles aid in breathing 

*Support and Protection of the abdominal and pelvic organ

1- Muscles of Head and Neck

2-Muslces of Spinal

3-Muscles of Respiration

4-Muslces of Abdominal Wall

5-Muscles of Pelvic Floor

1-Originate in the superficial fascia{fey-shuh} or on the skull bones

2-Insert into the superficial fascia{fey-shuh} of the skin

3-Contract and Contort the skin causing it to move (facial expressions

Compresses check against teeth when we eat to keep food from getting into the VESTIBULE[ves-tuh-byool].

Also the muscle for suckling-compresses air in the oral cavity to play wind intrument

*Refers to the process of chewing

*Move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

• *Paired muscles of Mastication
• **Temporalis
• ***Masseter[ma-see-ter]

1-Temporalis-elevates and retracts the mandible(pulls posteriorly)

2-Masseter-elevates and retracts the mandible(pulls anteriorly)

• 3-Lateral and medial pterygoids{Terri-Goids}-protract and move the mandible side to side while chewing

• *FLEX the head and neck downward
• **"Neck flexion" and "Head flexion" refer to the same movement

• *The main muscles are the Sternocleidomastoid{sterm-o-cloid-mas-toid}  and the 3 Scalenes{scay-lean-s}

• Flex the head and/or neck 

• Extend Head and/or neck

Sternocleidomastoid muscles are the major muscles of this compartment

Bilateral Contraction- cause flexion of the neck

• Unilateral Contraction-cause lateral flexion and rotation of head to the opposite side

1-Extend the head/neck

2-The trapezius attaches to the skull and helps extend the head/neck

• 3-Primary function is to help move the pectoral girdle

Posterior Neck Muscles extend the head and neck when they contract bilaterally

• Posterior Neck Muscles contract unilaterally when they turn the head and neck to the same side
• Left side-                                  Right Side
• Semispinalis Capitis                Rectus Capitis Post Minor
• Sternocleidomastoid               Rectus Capitis Post Major
• Splenius Capitis                      Superior Oblique
• Levator Scapulae                    Inferior Oblique
• Splenius Cervicis                    Longissimus Capitius
•                                               Semispinalis Capitis(cut)
•                                               Splenius Capitis(cut)
•                                               Scalenus Posterior

Starting from top

1-Semispinalis Capitis{(semi-spi-NA-lis cap-I-tus)}

2-Splenius Capitis{Splen*ious Cap-I-tus}

3-Levator Scapulae{[li-vey-ter skap-yuh-luh] 

• 4-Splenius Cervicis [splee-nee-uhs, services} 
• On Left Side
• Semispinalis Capitis
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Splenius Capitis
• Levator Scapulae
• Splenius Cervicis