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Evidence based practice/nursing
Clinical decision making based on the simultaneous use of the best evidence, clinical expertise, and clients' values
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Nursing care should consider FAME
Feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness
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6 steps for changing a practice as result of evidence:
-assess the need for a change in practice
-locate the best evidence
-critically analyze the evidence
-design practic ehcange
-implement and evaluate the change
-integrate and maintain change in practice
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ANA lobbyed intensely in 1985 and congress passed bill creaating National Center for NSG research as part of the national institues of health; elevated in 1993 to institute status and became National Institue of NSG research
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Quantative research- entails the systematic collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of numerical data; pays attention to extraneous variables that are other than specific variables being studied; also is linked to philisophical perspective of logical positivism- "truth" is absolute and can be discovered by careful measurement...phenomena are best understood by examining their component parts which is referred to as reductionistic perspective
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Qualitative research is the systematic collection and thematic analysis of narrative data; rooted in philisophical perspective of naturalism/constructivisim, which maintains that reality is relative or contextual and constructed by individuals who are experiencing a phenomenon; nurse researchers use one of three qualitative traditions: phenomenology- focuses on lived experiences; ethnography- focuses on cultural patters of thoughts and behaviors; grounded theory- focuses on social processes
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Dependent variable
behavior, characteristic, or outcome that the researcher wishes to explain or predict
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Independent variable
presumed cause of or influence on the dependent variable
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Methodology
logistics or mechanics of research; contains how study is organized, who/what will be sources of info., data collection details- what data collected, how collected, timing of data collection
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Research design
overall structure or blueprint or general layout of study; indicates how many times data will be collected, timing of data collection relative to other study events, types of relationships between variables, # of groups being compared in study, and how extraneous variables will be controlled
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Descriptive statistics are procedures that organize and summarize large volumes of data including measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and measures of variability (std. dev., range)
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Inferential stats allows researchers to test hypotheses about relationships between variables or differences between groups; ex. independent t-test (compares means of two independent groups; dependent t-tests (used to compare the mean performance of 2 dependent or related groups); analysis of variance (ANOVA- used to compare the mean performance of 3 or more groups); pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient or pearson's r- used to describe adn test the relationship between two continuous variables such as age and weight; chi squared- used to compare the distribution of a cond. across two or more groups
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Content analysis- used in qualitative research to search for themes/patterns in narrative materials
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Strategy for identifying key terms of research is PICO
- P- patient, population, or problem of interest
- I- intervention or therapy to consider for the subject of interest
- C- comparison of interventions, such as not tx
- O- outcome fo the intervention
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CINAHL
cumulative index of nsg and allied health literature
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Tuskegee study
40 year study in mid 1900s in which black men went untreated for syphilis so disease progression could be studied
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1992 Kennedy Krieger Institue study
Young children werre knowingly exposed to lead in their homes
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IRB (Institutional Review Board)- committee that ensures that all research clients are informed of and understand the consequences of consenting to serve as research participants
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