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Precordium
Anterior chest wall directly over heart and great vessels
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Mediastinum
Middle thoracic cage and lungs, heart and vessel location
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Great vessels
- Bunched above heart
- Superior vena cava, Aorta, Pulminary veins
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Pulmonary Artery
Leaves the right ventricle, bifurcates and carries venous blood to lungs
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Superior & Inferior Vena Cava
Return unoxygenated venous blood to right side of heart
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Pulminary Veins
Returns freshly oxygented blood to left side of heart
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Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood to the body
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Pericardium
- layer of heart
- tough, fibrous, double walled sac that protects the heart
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Myocardium
- Muscular wall of the heart
- it does the pumping
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Endocardium
thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines the inner surface of the heart chambers and valves
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Right side of heart
Pumps blood into the lungs
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Left side of heart
Pumps blood into the body
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Atrium
thin walled reservoir for holding blood
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Ventricle
Thick walled ventricle is the muscular pumping chamber
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Valves
- seperates the four chambers, swinging door structure, prevents backflow of blood
- can ONLY open one way
- open passively in responce to pressure
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Atrioventricular
- Two
- seperate atria and the ventricles
- Tricuspid, Bicuspid (mitral)
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Tricuspid
Right AV atrioventricular valve
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Bicuspic (mitral)
left atrioventricular valve
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Chordae tendineae
Valves thin leaflets are anchored by this collagenouse fiber
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Diastole
The filling phase, opens AV atrioventricular valve to fill with blood
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Systole
the pumping phase, the AV atrioventricular valves close to prevent regergitation of blood back to atria
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Semilunar valves SL
- between ventricles and arteries
- has three cusps
- Pulmonic & Aortic
- open during SYSTOLE-pumping
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Pulmonic valve
right side of heart
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Aortic valve
left side of heart
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Blood flow from liver
- flows up to RA through inferior vena cava metting blood from head through superior vena cava
- enters RA, throught tricuspid valve to RV
- from RV to pulmonary artery to lung
- lung oxygenates blood then goes to pulmonary veins then to LA throught mitral valve to LV to aorta then to body!!!!
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Cardiac cycle
rhythmic movement of blood throught heart
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Diastole phase
ventricles relax and fill with blood
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Systole phase
- the heart contraction
- S1 sound closer of AV atrioventricular valve
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Isometric contraction
When ALL valves are closed for a few moments and pressure is building
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Isometric relaxation
when ALL valves are closed and the ventricles are relaxed
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S1 sound
closure of AV valves, signals systole to begin
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S2 sound
closure of the semilunar valves signals the end of systole
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Respiration effects systole
- moRe to the Right heart Less to the Left!!
- more respiration increases systole to right side of heart
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S3 sound
- third heart sound
- after S2 ventricular filling makes vibrations
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S4 sound
just before S1 ventricle is resistant to filling
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Murmur
- turbulent blood flow and collision currents
- blood velocity increases
- blood viscosity decreases
- structural defect
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ECG
- electrocardiograph
- electricity spread to body surface
- PQRST waves
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P wave
depolarization of atria
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PR interval
beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex
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QRS complex
depolarization of ventricles
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T wave
repolarization of ventricles
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Cardiac Output
- equals each systole pump (R)per min
- (stroke volume)
- CO=SVxR
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Preload
- venous return that builds during distole
- length to which the ventricular muscle is stretched at the end of diastole just before contraction
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Afterload
opposing pressure the ventricle must renerate to open aortic valve against higher aortic pressure
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Carotid artery location
in the groove between the trachea and the sternomatoid muscle
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Internal jugular
deep and medial to the sternomastoid muscle
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External jugular vein
lateral to the sternomastoid muscle above the clavicle
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Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
condition which pressure over the carotid sinus leads to a decreased heart rate decreased BP ccerebral ischemia with syncope
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Bruit
blowing sound swishing sound indicates blood flow turbulence
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CVP
central venous pressure
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Top of heart is?Base Bottom of heart is?Apex-5th intercostal space left midclavicularPrecordiumArea of anterior chest that cover heart and great vessels Atria position in chesttilted back below sternumVertricle postion in chest tilted forward in left chest area-apex 5th ribUnoxygenated blood Superior vena cavaR atriumTricuspid valveR ventricle Pulmonic valve Pulmonary artery to lung for O2Oxygenated blood Pulmonary veins L atriumMitral valveL vetricle Aortic valve Aorta Body2 Coronary arteriesLeft and Right LCA, RCAblood flow to myocardium occurs during diastoleto keep coronary artery pressure diastole must be 60mmHgDiastoleVentricles relax and fill with bloodDub=S2 closure of semilunar valvesSystoleVentricles contract and pump blood into pulmonary and systemic arteriesLub=S1 closing of AV valve
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Murmurs
Imporper closing and opening of valves SA nodeInitiates electrical impulse of heart contraction
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Systole
- Ventricles contract and pump blood into pulmonary and systemic arteries
- Lub=S1 closing of AV valve
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Diastole
- Ventricles relax and fill with blood
- Dub=S2 closure of semilunar valves
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2 Coronary arteries
- Left and Right LCA, RCA
- blood flow to myocardium occurs during diastole
- to keep coronary artery pressure diastole must be 60mmHg
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Oxygenated blood
- Pulmonary veins
- L atrium
- Mitral valve
- L vetricle
- Aortic valve
- Aorta
- Body
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Unoxygenated blood
- Superior vena cava
- R atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- R ventricle
- Pulmonic valve
- Pulmonary artery to lung for O2
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Vertricle postion in chest
tilted forward in left chest area-apex 5th rib
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Precordium
- Area of anterior chest that cover heart and great vessels
- Atria position in chest
- tilted back below sternum
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