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Cell Membrane
Separates the cell from the surounding enviornment and controsl what enters and leaves.
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Cytoplasm/Cytosol
thick gel like substances inside the the cell, composed of numerous organlles suspended in watery cytosol.
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nuclues
large membrane structure near the center of the cell (contains DNA)
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nucleolus
non membraneous body; synthesis RNA
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nuclear envelope
surounds the nucleus
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ribosomes
protien factory, a protein that makes protiens usually for export.
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Golgi Apparatus
responsible for processing and packing of protiens
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centriole
small cylinder shaped organelles, near the nucleus, it divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis.
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peroxisome
detoxifies harmful susbtances, i.e. alcohol, major function is the breakdown of fatty acids through beta-oxidation.
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mitochondria
the power plant of the cell, depending of the role of the cell it can have one or many mitochondria- main function catabolism, ATP synthesis.
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lysosomes
bags of digestive enzymes break down defective cell parts and ingested particles (a cells digestive system
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesizes certain lips and carbs, also removes and stores CA++ from the cells interior
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
protien synthesis and intercellular transportation of protiens (a cells highway)
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micorvilli
hair like cell extension, responsible of absortion, found in small intestines and other epithelial cells.
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Amphipathic lipids
molecules that have both hydrophopic and hydophilic parts. they for a stable selective premeable lipid barrier between aqueos compartments within and bewteen cells.
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Osmosis
The difussion of water through a selectively premeable membrane in the presence of at least one impremeant solute (involves both simple and channel mediated diffusion)
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Simple Diffusion
Molecules that can pass directly through the membrane's phopholipid bilayers or through channels from an area of high concentation to low concentration - down a gradient
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facilitated diffusion/mediated passive transport
diffusion of particles through a membrane channel/carrier structure in the membran (moving down a concentration gradient).
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active transports (primary vs secondary)
1. Pump- carry out transport process in which cellular energy is used to move molecules from a low to high gradient of concentration
Vesicles- carrys large groups of molecules in or out of the cell by means of a vesicle.- it is diff than pump because they allow to leave cell without crossing the plasma membrane
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Endocytosis
the plasma membrane traps some extracellular material and brings it into the cell that pinches off to form a an intracellular vesicle; type of vesicle-mediated transport.
- They are two forms
- phagocytosis: cell eating (cells or other large particles)
- pinocytosis: cell drinking (fluid, disolved molecules )
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Hypotonic
less pressure to the intracellular fluid, in other words more water, osmosis will always want to move from hypotonic to hypertonic solution
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Hypertonic
higher pressure to the intracellular fluid. that means that the cell will shrivel because the water will be trying to towards that more contcentrated area.
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Isotonic
same osomotic pressure
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Effects of Osmosis on a cell
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