Social Functions- nonverbal communication, general appearance.
Name the 3 variations of skin color and causes.
Melanin- Eumelanin - brownish-black
pheomelanin- reddish-yellow
Freckles and pigmented moles- localized accumulation of melanin
Hemoglobin reddish pigment of blood - pinkish hue of the skin.
Carotene- yellow or orange pigment palms or soles of feet.
The second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue is the ______.
Dermis
The dermis cells include:
fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
white blood cells
The dermis has 2 layers the ______ layer and the _______ layer.
papillary, reticular
The ________ layer of the dermis is areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.
papillary
The papillary layers superior surface contains peglike projections called _____ ________.
dermal papillae
The _____ layer contains capillary loops, Meissner's corpuscles, and free nerve endings.
papillary
The _____ layer of the dermis accounts for 80% of the thickness of the skin.
Reticular
True or false
Reticular layer contains collagen fibers that add strength and resiliency to the skin.
True
In the reticullar tissue, _____ fibers provide stretch-recoil properties.
elastin
Tearing in what fibers cause striae (stretch marks) commonly from weight gain?
collagen
The deepest layer of dermis is the?
hypodermis
True or false
The epidermis is a subcutaneous layer.
false (hypodermis)
_______ is a subcutaneous layer, or superficial fascia deep to the skin.
Hypodermis
The hypodermis is composed of _______ and ________ _______ tissue.
adipose, areolar connective
______blueness of skin- oxygen deficiency and cold extremities. (Essay)
cyanosis
______ is abnormal redness of the skin: exercise, hot weather, sunburn, anger, and embarrassment. (ESSAY)
Erythema
______ is pale skin color: emotional stress, low bp, circulatory shock, cold temperatures, or severe anemia. (ESSAY)
Pallor
__________ is a genetic lack of melanin results in white hair, pale skin, and pink eyes. (ESSAY)
Albinism
______ is yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes resulting from high levels of bilirubin in the blood. liver function- cancer, hepatitis, cirrhosis. (ESSAY)
Jaundice
Melanin is produced from tyrosine by tyrosinase.
True/false
true
_______ is from Addison's disease, from adrenal cortex hormone deficit. (ESSAY)
Bronzing
What is another name for a bruise? (ESSAY)
Hematoma
Hair or pilus is filamentous strands of dead ________ cells produced by hair ________.
keratinized, follicles
Hair keratin is softer or tougher than that of the skin?
Tougher
_______ are made of clear, hard derivatives of stratum corneum.
nails
Nails grow about 2 mm/week.
True/false
false, 1 mm/week
Hair is made up of the ____ projecting form the skin, and the _____ embedded in the skin.
shaft, root
What are the 3 components of the shaft?
medulla- core
cortex
cuticle
Pigmentation by _______ at the base of the hair.
(cell)
melanocytes
The root sheath extends from the epidermal surface into the dermis.
True/false
true
Deep end is expanded forming a hair ____.
bulb
What is the knot of sensory nerve endings wrapped around each hair bulb?
root hair plexus
Bending a hair stimulates the hair bulb acting as sensitive touch receptors.
True/false
false, it is the sensory nerve endings (root hair plexus)
Coarse, long hair of eyebrows, axillary, and pubic regions are considered:
Determinate
indeterminate
Determinate
Indeterminate hair is found on the arms and legs.
True/false
false, determinate
Which is the least malignant and most common type of skin cancer that is slow growing and does not often metastasize?
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
melanoma
