-
halothane
- inhaled anesthetics
- MOA: GABA mediated inhibition at GABA A receptor site (causes hyperpolarization and inhibition of AP)
- USES: slow induction and recovery, increase cardiac automaticity, bronhodilation
- AE: halothane hepatitis - rare but serious,
- volatile liquid at room temp
-
isoflurane
- inhaled anesthetic
- MOA: GABA receptor inhibitor (increases hyperpolarization, decreasing AP)
- USES: medium induction and recovery, partial loss of nicoceptive reflexes, good muscle relaxtion, decreases TPR, cardiac automaticity not affected
-
sevoflurane
- inhaled anesthetic
- MOA: GABA receptor inhibition (increases hyperpolarization, decreases AP)
- USES: resembles isoflurane except - rapid induction and recovery - Most frequently used, better than isoflurane
-
nitrous oxide
- inhaled anesthetic
- MOA: potent selective inhibitor of NMDA activated current (inhibits glutamate)
- USES: low potency, can't be used as an anesthetic alone, but has a very high analgesic effect which is why its used with other anesthetics
- AE: megaloblastic anemia
-
thiopental
- IV anesthetics, barbituate
- MOA: opens Cl channels, prolonging GABA effect
- USES: unconsciousness occurs in 10-20 sec, short recovery b/c of redistribution, sole agent in case of short surgery for induction of anesthesia in combo with inhaled anesthetics
- AE: anaphylactoid reaction
-
propofol
- IV anesthetics
- MOA: opening of Cl channels prolonging GABA action
- USES: most common parenteral anesthetic in US, pronounced antiemetic activity
- AE: anaphylactoid reaction
-
etomidate
- IV anesthetic
- MOA: inhibition of GABA receptors
- USES: worst drug for post op N/V, not often used, anesthesia mainly in pts with serious CV diseases b/c HR and CO are well maintained
- AE: inhibition of adrenal steroid synthesis ( can cause adrenal insufficiency)
-
ketamine
- IV anesthetic
- MOA: NMDA receptor inhibitor
- USES: immobility without loss of consciousness, dissociative anesthesia, post op hallucinations, flash-backs, achieve pronounced analgesia without resp depression
- doesn't cause loss of consciousness
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