Med Terms Ch. 4

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteins

threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that carres hereditary information encoded in genes

jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients

molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

sum of all physical amd chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism

cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell) and lysosomes (digestion)

study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development and consequences

rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents onward

right and left halves

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects

superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects

• cranial - brain
• spinal - spinal cord

• thoracic - heart, lungs, and associated structures
• abdominopelvic - digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures

right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines

left lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines

part of small and large intestines, appemdix, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter

part of small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

upper left region beneath the ribs

region above the stomach

upper right region beneath the ribs

left middle lateral region

region of the navel

right middle lateral region

left lower lateral region

lower middle region beneath the navel

right lower lateral region

movement away from the midsagittal (median) plane of the body or one of its parts

movement toward the midsagittal (median) plane of the body

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

pertaining to a side

toward the head or upper portion of a structure

away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body

front of the body

back of the body

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, espcecially the abdominal organs

lying on the abdomen, face down

lying horizontally on the back, face up

turning inward or inside out

turning outward

pertaining to the palm of the hand

pertaining to the sole of the foot

toward the surface of the body (external)

away from the surface of the body (internal)

cell

specialist in the study of 

tissue

study of

nucleus

separation; destruction; loosening

anterior, front

tail

toward

cranium (skull)

far, farthest

back (of body)

lower, below

side, to one side

middle

back (of body), behind, posterior

near, nearest

belly; belly side

abdomen

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

stomach

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

groin

loins (lower back)

pelvis

instrument for measuring

spine

chest

umbilicus, navel

white

green

color

yellow

blue

red

black

gray; gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)

extremity

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

cause

unknown, peculiar

form, shape, structure

disease

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

body

internal organs

dry

record, writing

instrument for recording

process of recording

skin

blood

heat

act of measuring

ventricle (of heart or brain)

disease

same, alike

excess, beyond

abnormal fibrous bamd that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods

substance injected into the body, introduced via catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that otherwise are difficult to visualize on x-ray films

bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound

feverish; pertaining to a fever

relative constancy or balance in the internal enviroment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes

standing still

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes, loss of function

diseased; pertaining to a disease

branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, treatment, and research

medical specialty concerned wit the use of electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and imaging techniques for diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury

radiological practice that employs fluorscopy, CT, and ultrasound in nonsurgical treatment of various disorders

use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer; also called radiation oncology

substances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called tracers

radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance used to visualize an organ or area of the body that will be scanned

term used to describe a computerized image by modality (such as CT, MRI, and nuclear imaging) or by structure (such as thyroid and bone)

pathological state, usually febrile, resulting form the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream

producing or associated with generation of pus

visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall

abdomen

examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted thru a small incision between the ribs

common blood test that enumerates RBC, WBC, and platelets; measures hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying molecule in RBC); estimates red cell volume; and sorts WBC into 5 subtypes with their percentages

common urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine

imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography

to cut

ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction thru the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells

radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed thru the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

luminous, fluorescent

noninvasive imaging technique tht uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images

diagnostic technique that uses a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer that is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera to produce images of organs and structures

scanning technique using CT to record the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a a radiopharmaceutical, that produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease

imaging technique that uses x-rays passed thru the body or area and captured on a film; also called x-ray

radiation, x-ray, radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

radiological technique that integrates CT and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs

radiographic technique that produces an image representing a detailed cross-section, or slice, or an area, tissue, or organ at a predetermined depth

imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that display the reflected 'echoes' on a monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echography

representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

ultra-thin slice of tissue cut from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow instrument (punch)

removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions

removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals

scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette (curet)

incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues

surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an attempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence

partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure

digital substraction angiography

diagnosis

lateral

rheumatoid factor; radio frequency

sonogram

symptom

treatment

upper and lower