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What type of cell lacks a nucleus?
Prokaryote
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What type of cell has a nucleus?
Eukaryote
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The type of cell that has circular chromosome, not a membrane?
Prokaryote
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There are no histones in this cell
Prokaryote
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There are no organelles in this cell
prokaryote
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A peptidoglycan cell wall is found in this cell if its bacteria
prokaryote
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Pseudomurein cell walls if found in an archea what cell
prokaryote
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this cell has a bisnary fission and has ribosomes
prokaryote
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This cell has paired chromosomes in the nuclear membrane
Eukaryote
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This cell has histones
eukaryote
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This cell has organelles
eukaryote
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This cell has a polysaccharide cell wall
eukaryote
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This cell has a mitotic spindle
eukaryote
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This surrounds the cell and helps adhere to surfaces and each other, it also contributes to biofilms
Glycocalyx
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name the two different types of coats for glycocalyx
capsule and slime layer
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how is the capsule layer beneficial to the cell?
protects the cell from phagocytosis
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describe the slime layer
unorganizzed and loose, more in enviromental areas such as bath tub
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Do bacterium have flagella?
yes to be moble
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What is flagella made out of
chains of flagelin-protein
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What do flagella hook to?
a protein hook anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body
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what are motile cells capible of doing?
moving toward or away from stimuli (taxis) rotating flagella to run or tumble
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flagella proteins are called what?
H antigens
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Where are axial filaments found?
only in spirochetes
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Axial filaments are also called?
endoflagella
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Where is axial filaments located?
between an exterior sheath and the cell wall
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How do axial filaments cause the cell to move?
by rotation like a corkscrew, can also have flagella to help get to something and then make its way in by corkscrewing in
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What are fimbriae for?
attatchment
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pilus is?
singular for pilli
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is fimbriae needed to attack to cause an infection?
yes
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This facilitate transfer of dna from one cell to another
pili
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what also maybe involved with gliding and twitching motility in a cell?
pili
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his prevents osmotic lysis
the cell wall
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what is the cell wall made out of?
peptidoglycan /protein,sugar/
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if a stain wall were to dye blue what kind of cell wall is it?
gram +
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If a cell wall were to dye red what kind of cell wall is it?
gram negative
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do humans have peptoglycan cell walls
no only bacteria
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peptidoglycan in gram-postive bacteria are linked by what?
polypeptides
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is the gram positive bacterial cell wall thick or thin?
thick
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how does PCN attack a gram postive wall
by preventing cross bridge links so links would not be able to form
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an antigen found in gram + that helps identify them?
teichoic acid
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what kind of cell wall has a very thin peplidoglycan cell layer?
gram negative
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what cell membrane has the double layer laying on top of the peptoglycan layer?
gram neg
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what cell membrane has many lipids involved
gram neg
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what cell wall has O polysaccaride as an antigen
gram neg that stick out on the outside
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There are cell walls that cannot stain what are they?
Atypical cell walls only found in a few bacteria and have to do a special acid/base stain example TB
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these cells lack a cell wall and have sterols in the plasma membrane
Mycoplasmas
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This cell has no cell membrane or walls of pseudomurein
archea
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What is the main feature that distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
nucleus
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How would you be able to identify streptococci through a microscope?
spiralic shape and chains
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Bacillus is what shaped?
rod shaped
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What shape is coocus?
spherical/circle
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what shape takes on spirillum, vibrio and spirochete?
spiral
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diplococci is
pairs of cicles
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staphylocci is
cluster of circles
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streptococci is, or streptobacilli
chains of circles, or chains of rods
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the prefix staph will only go with?
cocci
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What layer is more pathogenic to a cell, capsule of slime?
capsule because it protects them from phagocytosis
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what is lophotrichous?
a cell with a tuft of flagella on it
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What is amphitrichous?
a bacteria with 2 flagella one on each end.
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Fimbrae allow for attatchment but what else do they contribute?
biofilm
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What are fimbriae and pili made out of?
pilum
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What is a cell wall for?
helps hold cell together, and gives shape, also prevents osmotic lysis
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What is the antigen for gram neg?
lipopolysaccharide
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What is lipid A for on the gram stain neg?
it anchors the lipopolysaccharide down.
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What happens when lipid A an endotoxin when the cell wall is damaged?
it releases toxins into the body
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What is the part that sticks out of the gram neg bacteria on the lipolysaccharide?
O polysacharide, also antignic
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What is it called when a cell wall is damaged and it causes the bacteria to form spherical shapes?
proplasts or speroplasts
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Bacteria who lose there cell wall, can they also form a L shape?
yes
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Bacteria who lose a cell wall can they gain it back?
yes they can, it is possible for them to survive and rebuild when conditions go back to normal. AKA stop taking antibiotics.
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