-
species
popuation of organisms that interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other groups
-
allopatric speciation
geographic isolation; after separation, a species cannot breed with the parent population, so speciation occurs(new species)
-
mebrane potential in palnts
difference in voltag between inerior and exterio ofthe cell wall
-
endosymbiotic theory
all eukaryotic cells came from prokaryotic cells
-
support for endosymbiotic theory
- 1. endosymbiosis is common today
- 2. chloroplasts and mitochondria are double membrane bound
- 3. C and M have small chromosomes
- 4. C and M have bacteria-like ribosomes
- 5. C and M go through binary fission
-
origin of eukaryotic cell*
-
purpose of gastrula
to convert an embryo with one layer of cells into an embry with 3 layers of cells
-
ectoderm forms
nervous system and epidermis
-
endoderm forms
inner lining of the alimentary canal
-
transport of phloem sap
moves by bulk flow. sucrose is actively bein made and moved into sieve tube members by active transport. source to sink
-
bryophytes have no:
vascular tissue
-
bryophytes adaptation to land
cuticle, gametangia, stromata
-
antheridium gametangia
male part of bryophytes that contains the sperm cells
-
archegonium gametangia
female part of bryophytes that contains the egg cells
-
bryophytes are poorly adapted to land because:
they need water in order to reproduce because the sperm needs to swim in water in order to fertilize
-
dominant bryophyte generation
gameophyte
-
seedless vascular plants
non-seed tracheophytes such as ferns and horsetails
-
sporangium
structure that produces spores in seedless vascular plants
-
when did s.v.p. first evolve
- about 400 million years ago
- successful
-
-
gymnosperms
- plants that evolved 360 million years ago and has seeds and produces pollen
- ex. conifers (pine trees)
-
are gymnosperms well adapted to land?
yes
-
pollen grain
immature male gametophyte
-
what gymnosperm generation is dominant?
sporocyte
-
angiosperms
flowering plants that evolved 130 million years ago
-
describe an angiosperm seed
enclosed by fruit (ovary) which functions as a means for dispersal
-
mycorrhizae
symbiotic relationship between a plant root and fungus (mutualistic)
-
how does mycorrhizae work?
A fungus colonizes the cells of a plant's roots, and the hyphae of myecelium produces a root-like structure. The stucture produces a tremendous root area, which allows the plant to absorb more nutrients from the soil. The fungus will get the products of photosynthesis from the plant.
-
myecillium
an entire network of hyphae
-
hyphae
the microscopic, cylindrical, filamentrous structure that makes up fungi
-
alternation of generations
-
what do protostomes and deuterostomes refer to?
the differing fate of the initial opening of the primitive digestive tract in the embryo
-
protostomes
blastopore developes into the mouth and th anus is formed second
-
proto: phyla included
- anthropoda
- annelida
- mollusca
-
proto: cleavage
spiral cleavage, determinate
-
proto: coelom formation
schizocoelous, the body cavity begins as a split within a bud of mesodermal tissue at the time of gastrlation
-
deuterostomes
the blastopore developes into the anus and the mouth is formed second
-
-
deutero: cleavage
indeterminate radial cleavage
-
deuero: coelom formation
entercoelous, coelom originates from an outpocketing of the archeterons during gastrulation
-
coelom
body cavity lined wth epithelium derivedfrm the mesoderm
-
pure water at one atmospere of pressure has a water potential of
1 megapascal
|
|
