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what is atropine?

a direct-acting muscarinic antagonist
what effect does ACh produce on the CNS?

none ; ACh doesn't cross the BBB
what is bathanechol?

a direct-acting muscarinic agonist
what is pilocarpine?

a direct-acting muscarinic agonist
name 3 important reversible indirect-acting cholinesterase inhibitors
- physostigmine
- neostigmine
- pyridostigmine
name 4 important direct-acting muscarinic agonists
- ACh
- bethanechol
- pilocarpine
- muscarine
what are some adverse CNS effects seen with pilocarpine/muscarine
- irritability
- restlessness
- ataxia
- hallucinations
- drowsiness/sedation
what is the treatment for a parasympathomimetic overdose?

give a muscarinic antagonist like atropine
what are the peripheral effects of cholinesterase inhibitors?
- Salivation
- Lacrimation
- Urination
- Defication
- GI pain
- Emesis
- Sweating -- (SLUDGES)
T/F - physostigmine crosses the BBB

true
T/F -neostigmine crosses the BBB

false
What does pralidoxime (2-PAM) do?

it complexes with organophosphates and removes it from cholinesterase - used to treat organophosphate poisoning
what are 3 reversible cholinesterase inhibitors used in the treatment and diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis?
- pyridostigmine(tx)
- ambenonium(tx)
- edrophonium(dx)
what cholinesterase inhibitor is often used in the treatment of Alzheimer's?

Donepezil(Aricept)
what is malathion and what is it commonly used for?

it is an organophosphate used as an insecticide
what drug is a prophylaxis treatment for organophosphate exposure and how does it work?

pyridostigmine ; ties up organophosphate binding sites on receptors
what does Botulism toxin do?

prevents the release of ACh
what does Reglan(metoclopramide) do?

promotes ACh release
what chemical blocks uptake of choline and slows ACh synthesis

hemicholinium
What are the symptoms of belladonna poisoning?
- delirium (mad as a hatter)
- vasodilation (red as a beet)
- cyclopegia/mydriasis (blind as a bat)
- decr. sweat/ thermoregulation (hot as hell)
- decr. secretions (dry as a bone)
how do non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent work?

they are competitive antagonists of ACh at the cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate of skeletal muscles
what is the only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent?

succinylcholine
how does succinylcholine work as a neuromuscular blocking agent?

it produces persistent depolarization of the motor end plate
T/F - succinylcholine can be antagonized by cholinesterase inhibitors

false - this will actually intensify the block
what are some side effects of succinylcholine?
- respiratory depression
- various CV effects due to parasymp and symp stimulation
name the 2 indirect-acting sympathomimetics discussed in lab and explain their mechanism of action

cocaine and tyramine ; block NE reuptake
name 2 different drugs discussed in class as antidotes to organophosphate toxicity
- pralidoxime - regenerates cholinesterase
- atropine - protects against peripheral muscarinic effects
what does inotropic mean?

affecting the strength of contraction of heart muscle
what does chronotropic mean?

affecting the heart rate

Author

ffloyd

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more pcol cards for exam 1

Description

ffloyd pharmacology exam ans pns cns

Updated

2012-09-27T01:48:56Z