-
Sternocleidomastoid
- Action:
- Unilaterally - laterally flexes head and neck to same side - rotates head and neck to the opposite side
- Bilaterally - flexes neck - assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation
- Origin: Sternal head - top of manubrium. Clavicular head - Medial 1/3 of clavicle
- Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of superiornuchal line of occiput
- Innervation: C(1), 2, 3
-
Anterior Scalenes
- Action:
- Unilaterally - laterally flex the head and neck to the same side (with fixed ribs)
- Bilaterally - elevate the ribs during inhalation, flex head and neck
- Origin: transverse process of 3rd - 6th cervical vertebrae (anterior tubercles)
- Insertion: First rib
- Innervation: C(3), 4-8
-
Middle Scalenes
- Action:
- Unilaterally - laterally flex the head and neck to the same side (with fixed ribs)
- Bilaterally - elevate the ribs during inhalation, flex head and neck
- Origin: transverse process of second through 7th cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)
- Insertion: Second rib
- Innervation: C(3), 4-8
-
Masseter
- Action: elevate mandible (TMJ) - may assist to protract the mandible
- Origin: Zygomatic arch
- Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
- Innervation: Trigeminal (V) nerve (mandibular division)
-
Temporalis
- Action: elevateand retract the mandible (TMJ)
- Origin: Temporal fossa and fascia
- Insertion: Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus and mandible
- Innervation: Trigeminal (V) Nerve (mandibular divions)
-
Stylohyoid
- Suprahyoid
- Action: elevates and retracts hyoid
- Origin: Styloid process
- Insertion: hyoid bone
- Innervation: facial nerve (VII)
-
Mylohyoid
- Suprahyoid Muscle
- Action: elevates hyoid
- Origin: Underside of mandible
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Innervation: Trigeminal (V)
-
Geniohyoid
- Suprahyoid Muscle
- Action: pulls hyoid anterior- superiorly
- Origin: Undersid of mandible
- Insertion: Hyoid bone
- Innervation: C1, 2
-
Digastric
- Action: With hyoid bone fixed, depresses the mandible. With mandible fixed, elevates hyoid bone. Retracts the mandible
- Origin: Mastoid process (deep to sternocleidomastoid and splenous capitis)
- Insertion: inferior border of mandible
- Innervation: Anterior belly - trigeminal (V) mandibular division Posterior belly - facial (VII)
-
Sternohyoid
- Infrahyoid Mucles
- Action: depressed hyoid after elevation during swallowing
- Origin: top of manubrium
- Insertion: hyoid bone
- Innervation: C1, 2, 3
-
Omohyoid
- Infrahyoid Muscle
- Action: depresses hyoid
- Origin: superior border of scapula
- Insertion: hyoid bone
- Innervation: C1, 2, 3
-
Thyrohyoid
- Infrahyoid Muscle
- Action: depresses hyoid
- Origin: thyroid cartilage
- Insertion: hyoid bone
- Innervation: C1, 2, 3
-
Sternothyroid
- Infrahyoid Muscle
- Action: top of manubrium
- Origin: draws larynx downward
- Insertion: thyroid cartilage
- Innervation: C1, 2
-
Platysma
- Action:
- assist to depress the mandible
- tighten the fascia of neck
- draw down corners of the mouth
- Origin: fascia covering superior part of pectorialis major
- Insertion: vase of mandible, skin of lower part of face
- Innervation: cranial nerve VII
-
Occipitofrontalis
- Action:
- frontalis - raise the eyebrows and wrinkle forehead.
- occipitalis - anchor and retract the galea posterior
- Origin: galea aponeurotica
- Insertion: innervation - skin superior to eyebrows. occipitalis - superior nuchal line of occiput
- Innervation: facial (VII)
-
Lateral Pterygoid
- Action:
- unilaterally - laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
- bilaterally - protract the mandible
- Origin:
- superior head - infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
- inferior head - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid place of sphenoid bone
- Insertion: articular disk and capsule of temporalmandibular joint
- Innervation: Trigeminal (v)
-
Medial Pterygoid
- Action:
- unilaterally - laterally deviates mandible to oppostie side
- bilaterally - elevates and protracts mandible
- Origin: medial surface of ramus of the mandible
- Insertion: medial angle of mandible
- Innervation: Trigeminal (V)
-
Longus Capitis
- Action:
- unilaterally - laterally flex the head and neck to the same side - rotate the head and neck to the same side
- bilaterally - flext head and neck
- Origin: transverse process of C3 - C6
- Insertion: inferior surface of occiput
- Innervation: C1, 2, 3, (4)
-
Longus Colli
- Action:
- Unilaterally -laterally flex head and neck to same side - rotate head and neck to same side
- Bilaterally - flex head and neck
- Origin: bodies of C5 - T3, transverse processes of C3 -
- C5
- Insertion: tubercle of anterior arch of the atlas, bodies of axis C3 - C4
- Innervation: C2 - 6 (7)
-
Corrugator Supercilli
- Action: produces verticle folds between eyebrows
- Origin: medial end of supercilli arch
- Insertion: medial end of supercilli arch
-
Obicularis Oris
- Action: closes mouth, compresses and protrudes lips (kissing face)
- Origin: medial maxilla and mandible, deep surface of perioral skin and angle of mouth
- Insertion: moucous membranes of lips
-
Levator Laii Superioris
- Action: raises upper lip
- Origin: infra-orbital margin
- Insertion: skin of upper lip
-
Depressor Labii Inferious
- Action: draws lower lip downward and laterally
- Origin: platysma and anterolateral body of mandible
- Insertion: skin of lower lip
-
Buccinator
- Action: presses chees against molars
- Origin: mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, ptergomandibular raphe
- Insertion: angle of mouth (modiolus); obicularis oris
-
Zygomaticus Major
- Action: smile muscle
- Origin: laterl aspect of zygomatic bone
- Insertion: angle of mouth (modiolus)
-
Zygomaticus Minor
- Action: retract or evert upper lip
- Origin: anterior aspect of zygomatic bone
- Insertion: skin of upper lip
-
Depressor Angular Oris
- Action: depresses corners of mouth
- Origin: anterolateral base of mandible
- Insertion: angle of mouth (modiolus)
-
Depressor Labii Inferioris
- Action: pulls lower lip down
- Origin: platysma and anterolateral body of mandible
- Insertion: skin of lower lip
-
Risorius
- Action: pulls corners of mouth laterally
- Origin: parotid fascia and buccal skin
- Insertion: angle of mouth
-
Procerus
- Action: depresses medial endof eyebrow, wrinkles skin over nose
- Origin: fascia aponeurosis covering nasal bonse and cartilage
- Insertion: skin of inferior forehead, between eyebrows
-
Nasalis
- Action: compress and dialate nasal aperature
- Origin: frontal process of maxilla
- Insertion: Major alar cartilage
-
Oribicularis Occuli
- Action: open/close eyelid
- Origin: medialorbital margin, medial palpebral ligament and lacremal bone
- Insertion; skin around margin or orbit, superior and inferior tarsal plates
-
Levator palpebrae Superioris
Action: raises eyelid
|
|
