Genetic changes that give their carriers a better chance to survive and reproduce than individuals without the genetic change who live in the same environment.
Adaptation
Involves physilogical adjustments to environmental conditions in individuals.
a general relationship between body size and temperature
Bergmann's rule
Populations of birds and mammalesw living in warmer climates have more melanin and, therefore, darker skin, fur, or feathers, than do populations of the same species living in cooler areas.