bio psych questions 1-3

an atom has 17 protons. what charge will its ionic for have?

during the resting potential, sodium ions are concentrated outside of the neuron, which is net negative to the inside. if the sodiu channels open, what will happen?

T/F action potentials are all or none. a neuron doesn't have weak ones and stronger ones
True False

right behind an advancing action potential, the neuron is

which of these requires energy from the diet to move ions?

T/F during the resting potential, the neuron is net negative to the inside
True False

during the resting potential, potassium is more concentrated inside the neuron than outside. what are the electrical and concentration gradients trying to do to the K+?

if both the electrical and concentration gradients are trying to move sodium into the neuron during the resting potential, why doesn;t it move in?

the sodium-potassium pump

just as a neuron is having an action potential, a scientist artifically starts one at the other end of the axon. what will happen when they meet?

T/F if a characteristic is due to biology, that means it can not be modified
True False

T/F the heritability of intelligence in siberia is the same as the heritability of intelligence of people in NYC
True False

the heritability of Trait X would be highest in which of these groups?

the "receiving end" of a neuron

which of these is not a function of glial cells?

T/F each neuron possesses a copy of the genetic code as well as waste disposal, manufacturing and transportatio facilities
True False

T/F the brain is estimated to contain about 50 million neurons
True False

the blood-brain barrier is vital because

T/F neuron shape is related to neuron function
True False

While some substances can pass fairly freely across the blood-brain barrier, others such as glucose must enter by

T/F we can determine "how much" of Joe's schizophrenia is caused by genes and how much is due to environment
True False

T/F that the Y chromosome has only a few genes on it other than those that turn on male development makes men more at risk for recessive disorder determined by genes on the X chromosome
True False

which of these is an example of the multiplier effect:

T/F if a characteristic is biologicall based, that means it can not be modified by experience
True False

T/F even though a male and female have the same genotype for a trait, it is possible that tehy will differ on that trait because of the effect of sex hormones
True False

T?F it is easy to determine whether a given characteristic is due to genetics or prenatal environment
True False

T/F recent studies suggest it is possible, at least in some species, for experiece to inactivate a gene and for the inactivated form of that geen to be passed on to offspring
True False

T/F children learn language rather rapidly. if only we could indentify the centers in the brain taht support that learning, the biological psychology of language would be compelte
True False

most biologcal psychologists are dualists- that is, they believe that body and mind are separate realities
True False

T/F scientists udnerstand why we have conscious experience
True False

T/F I alone exist. you are simply a creation of my mind
True False

electrical gradients lead to what movements?

concentration gradient=

what moves K+ out when neuron is at rest?

what is the advantage of having a resting potential?

what is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside from the resting potential to a more negative potential?

when it gets closer to zero it is....

what happens to ion gates when the membrane starts to depolarize

stilumus A depolarizes a neuron just barely above the threshold. stilulus B depolarizes a neuron to 10 mV beyond threshold. what is expected?

if depolarization is less than the cell's threshold:

suppose we applied a drug to a neuron that caused its Na+ gates to suddenly open, what would occure?

a drug would prevent an action potential if it:

all or none states that:

why would a different message occur?

primary feature of a neuron that prevents the action potential from traveling back from where it just passes is the 

which feature of a neuron limits the number of action potential it can produce per second?

where do most action potential begin?

what happens once an action potential starts:

fuction of the myelin sheath:

to what does saltatory conduction refer?

how is a myelinated axon that has lost its myelin different from one that never had one

atom has 20 protons, what will the ion charge be?

name and define the 4 factors that allow action potential:

T/F abolitionists maintain that no animals have the same rights as humans
True False

T/F sex limited genes are only on the X and Y chromosomes
True False

at microscopic level, we find 2 kinds of cells:

a(n) _____ descrives how a structure/behavior develops, including influences of genes, neutrition, experiences ad interactions

a_______explanation would descrie eating in terms of the hypothalamus affecting insulin production, which affects the availability fo those glucose in cells

mapping out the relationship between shared bone structure across different species 

fuctional explanation of why giragges have such long necks is that:

recessive genes manifest their effects only when the individual is _____for them

under what condition are sex-limited genes demonstrated?

any estimate of the heredity of a particular trait is specific to:

to say there is a gene for blue eyes:

"reproduction of the fittest"

geners are_______

genes dont directly cause behavior. what do they actually do?

T/F heretability can be computed only for groups, not indivuduals
True False

T/F the heritability of a specific train could be different for different populations. 
True False

T/F investigators have found taht nearly every behavior humans display has a significant heritability
True False

can a stressor experienced by grandma rat affect the genetic heritage of Grandbaby rat?

baby joey is the biological child of a criminal mom. joey is adopted at birth by a good family but nonetheless grows up to be a criminal. can we assume joey's criminal behavior is genetic in origin?

while genetic factors certainly affect musical ability, it is uite possible that the child with genetically-based music ability that is only somewhat about average to become truly outstanding. how might a slight genetic advantage become a major actual advantage? what is that called

identify three factors that make it difficult to estimate the impact of heredity on behavior?

T/F genetically-based disorders are unmodifiable. explain your answer using PKU as an example
True False

neurons release_______ at ______ which _______or ________te postsynaptic neuron

it usually takes _______of neuron transmitters to produce an action potential: one release usually produces a ______response.

Psychoactive durgs almost all work at the ______

nearly all abused drugs increase ____ release in ___________. these brain areas come to respond more to the addictive sbstance and less to_______

charles sherrington inferred synapses because the speed of a neural transmission through a reflex arc was ____than the known speed of transmission down the axon

each neuron is ____to neurons it send to and ______ it receives from. each neuron can have ______of synapses

EPSPs occur when the ____membrane begins to _____. EPSPs ______the likelihood that the _____neuron will have an AP

IPSPs occure wen the ___behins to _____. IPSPs _____the likelihoo that the ______neuron will have an AP

whether the postsynaptic neuron does develop an AP depends on_____

when two PSPs develop near eac other on the postsynaptic membraine _______ summation cna reslt, prodcing more change in PSP

spontaneous firing happen when_____

EPSPs____ number of AP ____spontaneous rate

IPSPs __number of APs to _____ spontaneous rate

NTs are synthesized from _____ in_____ or _______

if synthesized in cell body, NTs must be ____to ______

molecues of NT are stored in _______in the ______

NTS are relaesed by the process of _____ tat is triggered by____

NTs occur in _____ families

NT croess the _____and attaches to _____ and then separates from _____

most neurons release 2 or more NTs and have receptors for _____

postsynaptic neurons can:

releasing (presynaptic neuron) has ______ that signal neuron to slow down release of NT

effects of NT can be either ____ or ______

ionotrophic effects: NT ______. effect is ____, _____

most ionotrophic effects are due to _____ or ____

metabotrophic effets: NT _________. second messenger is located ______ the receiving neuron 

second messengers can:

ionotrophic effects thus serve need for rapid transmission, such as for ______ while metabotrophic effects serve for such things as _______

peptides are often descrived as _____

peptides use a ____ process

how are peptides different from NT?

hormones are chemicals released by______ and distributed throug widely. thus while neurons mostly give discrete messages to ____, homromes send their messages widely

hormones work by _____ processes

many chemicals can serve either as ____ or as _______