FiNaLs

type 1

type 2

states that the acting filaments at each end of the sarcomere slide inward on myosin filaments

specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscles, and tendons

reduce muscle size and strength

proprioceptors located in tendons near the myotendinous junction and are in series, that is attached end to end

transports blood pumped from the heart

transports blood back to the heart

to exchange oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the various tissues of the body

provides atp primarily for short term, high intensity activities and is active at the start of all exercise regardless of intensity

the primary source of atp at rest and during low intensity activities, uses primarily carbohydrates and fats as substrates

the breakdown of carbs either glycogen stored in the muscle or glucose delivered in the blood

at rest humans burn?

occurs when the concentration of blood lactate reaches 4 mole/L

aerobic endurance training should be added to the training of anaerobic athletes to enhance recovery because recovery relies primarily on aerobic mechanisms

the oxygen uptake above resting values used to restore the body to the preexercise condition

the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system

chemical messengers that are synthesized, stored, and released into the blood by endocrine glands

hormones that promote tissue building..such as insulin, insulin like growth factors, testosterone, and growth hormone

attempt to degrade cell proteins to support glucose synthesis..such as cortisol and progesterone

stimulates growth, increases in protein anabolism and development and maintenance of male sex characteristics; primary androgen hormone that interacts with skeletal muscle tissue

stimulates insulin like growth factor 1, protein synthesis, growth, and metabolism

primary signal hormone for carbs metabolism and is related to the glycogen stores in the muscle

primarily epinephrine but also norephrine and dopamine are secreted

slice the body into left-right sections

slice the body into front-back sections

slice the body into upper-lower sections

consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

includes the shoulder girdle, bones of the arms, wrists, and hands

the more stationary structure to which the muscle is attached

the more mobile structure

a lever for ehich the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of teh fulcrum

a lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum; calf raising

a lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum; curls

toward the center of the body

away from the center of the body

the body is erect, the arms are down at the sides, and the palms face forward

take__ leg strength if knee cap out

olympic lift trains for the ___ and ___

said

consists of high intensity intermittent bouts of exercise such as weight training

an increase in neural drive is critical to the athlete striving to maximize strength and power, the increase in neural drive is thought to occur via increases in agonist muscle recruitment, firing high intensity muscular contractions

training one limb can result in an increase in strength in the untrained limp

the force produced when both limbs are contracting together is less than the sum of the forces they produce when contracting unilaterally

the primary structural component of all connective tissue

the parent protein, is synthesized and secreted by fibroblasts

the parallel arrangement of filaments

excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training that results in extreme fatigue, illness, or injury

the amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute and is determined by the quantity of blood ejected wth each beat and the heart's rate of pumping

the force of contraction is a function of the length of the fibers of the muscle wall

resting oxygen uptake is estimated at 3.5 ml of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute

the primary mechanisms for regulating regional blood flow

the pressure exerted against the arterial walls as blood is forcefully ejected during ventricular contraction

O2 altitude? and CO2 altitude?

a stage of maturation or development by age in months or years; birthday

measured in terms of skeletal age, somatic maturity, or sexual maturation; muscular

muscular and broader shoulders

rounder and broader hips

slender and tall

largely determined by the load being lifted, the experience and ability of the athlete and spotters, and the physical strength of the spotters

someone who assists in the execution of an exercise to help protect the athlete from injury

be worn for exercises that place stress on the loswer back and during sets that use near maximal or maximal loads

five point body contact position

enables the athlete to maintain proper body alignment during an exercise, which in turn places and appropriate stress on muscles and joints

palms down and knuckles up

palms up and knuckles down

the knuckles point laterally

one hand is in a pronated grip and the other in a supinated grip

the thumpb is positioned under the index and middle fingers

the thumb is wrapped around the bar in all of the grips

when the thumb does not wrap around the bar