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What is a Cell?
- The basic unit of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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What is a Cytoplasm?
Semi-fluid portion inside the cell that contains organelles
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Which type of cell has membrane bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
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Which cell does not contain a Nucleus?
Prokaryotic
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What are the cylinders of protein molecules present in cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia, and flagella?
Microtubules
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What is an Intermediate Filament?
Protein fibers that provide support and strength.
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What is a function of the Cytoskeleton?
Maintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts
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What is a centriole?
Short cylinders of microtubules of unknown function
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What is a centrisome?
Microtubule organizing center that contains a pair of centrioles.
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What is a Lysosome?
Vesicle that digests macromolecules and even cell parts.
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What is a Cytoplasm?
Semifluid matrix outside of nucleus that contains organelles?
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What is the Plasma Membrane?
Outer surface that regulates entrance and exit of molecules.
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What makes up the content of the Nucleus?
Nuclear Envelope: Double membrane with nuclear pores that encloses the nucleus.
Chromatin: Diffuse threads containing DNA and Protein
Nucleolus: REgion that produces subunits of ribosomes
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What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Smooth ER - Lacks ribosomes but synthesizes lipid molecules.
Rough ER - Studded with ribosomes, processes proteins.
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What is a Ribosome?
Particles that carry out protein synthesis.
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What is a mitochondrion?
Organelle that carries out cellular respiration, producing ATP molecules.
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What is a Polyribosome?
String of ribosomes that simultaneously synthesizing the same protein.
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What is the Golgi Apparatus?
- Processes, packages and secretes modified cell products.
- Process, Package and deliver proeins and lipids from the ER
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What is Diffusion?
Random movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
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What is Osmosis?
Diffusion of water molecules.
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What is facilitated transport?
When a protein carrier transports molecules across the plasma membrane from higher concentration to lower concentration
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What is active transport?
When a protein carrier transports molecules from a lower to a higher concentration.
Uses ATP as energy.
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What is Endocytosis?
When the plasma membrane invaginated around a particle and traps the particle in a vesicle as it enters the cell.
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What is exocytosis?
A vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane releasing molecules to the outside of the cell.
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Where in the Nucleus are the RNA components of ribosomes produced?
Nucleoli.
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What is the Rough ER?
Studded with ribosomes used to make proteins.
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What is the Smooth ER?
Lacks ribosomes but aids in makring carbohydrates and lipids.
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What is a Cytoskeleton made of?
Large Microtubules.
Thin Actin Filaments
Medium Sized intermediate filaments.
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What does an Adhesion Junction do?
Mechanically attach adjacent cells
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What is a Tight Junction?
Connections beetween the plasma membrane proteins of neighboring cells produce a zipper like barrier.
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What is a Gap Junction?
Communication portals between cells.
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What is the function of the Mitochondria?
Organelles in the Cell that can transfer the energy glucose to produce ATP.
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What are Enzymes?
Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions.
Are specific to what substrate they work on.
Have action sites where a substrate binds, providing a platform for the reaction occur and then release the product.
Are recycled.
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What is Cellular Respiration?
The enzymatic breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water.
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What is the Plasma Membrane and what is its function?
A phosopholipid bilayer.
Selectively regulates the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
Embedded proteins allowing certain substances to cross the plasma membrane.
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Where does protein synthesis occur?
Rough ER, Ribosomes (Composed of proteins and rRNA)
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What organelle produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Nucleolis.
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What does the endomembrane system consist of?
Nuclear Envelope.
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Golgi Apparatus.
Lysosomes.
Vesicles
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What produces Lysosomes?
Golgi Apparatus.
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What type of Cellular Respiration happens when oxygen is not present?
Fermentation.
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