-
-
Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a relatively limited number of functions are called
tissues
-
Tissue that is specialized for contraction
muscle tissue
-
A type of cell junction common in cardiac and smooth muscle tissues is the
gap junction
-
The most abundant connections between cells in the superficial layers of the skin are
desmosomes
-
___________ membranes have an epithelium that is stratified and supported by dense connective tissue
Mucous
-
Mucous secretions that coat the passageways of the digestive and respiratory tracts result from _________ secretion
merocrine
-
Matrix is a characteristic of which type of tissue?
connective
-
Functions of connective tissue include
- Establishing a structural framework for the boyd
- Storing energy reserves
- Providing protection for delicate organs
-
Which epithelia most easily permits diffusion?
simple squamous
-
The three major types of cartilage in the body are
-
The primary function of serous membranes in the body is to
minimize friction between opposing surfaces
-
The type of cartilage growth characterized by adding new layers of cartilage to the surface is
appositional growth
-
Tissue changes with age can result from
- hormonal changes
- improper nutrition
-
Axons, dendrites, and a cell body are characteristic of cells located in
neural tissue
-
The repair process necessary to restore normal function in damaged tissues is
regeneration
-
What are the four essential functions of epithelial tissue?
- Provides physical protection
- Controls permeability
- Provides sensations
- Produces specialized secretions
-
Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
Endocrine glands secrete hormones onto the surface of the gland or directly into the surrounding fluid
Exocrine glands secrete via ducts
-
By what three methods do various glandular epithelial cells release their secretions?
- Merocrine secretion
- Apocrine secretion
- Holocrine secretion
-
List three basic components of connective tissues
- Specialized cells
- Extracellular protein fibers
- A fluid ground substance
-
What are the four kinds of membranes composed of epithelial and connective tissue that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body?
- Serous membranes
- Mucous membranes
- Cutaneous membrane
- Synovial membranes
-
What two cell populations make up neural tissue? What is the function of each?
- Neurons- transmit electrical impulses in the form of changes in the transmembrane potential
- Neuroglia- comprise several kinds of supporting cells and play a role in providing nutrients to neurons
-
What is the differene beween exocine secretion and an endocrine secretion?
- Exocrine secretions are secreted onto a surface or outward through a duct
- Endocrine secretions are secreted by ductless glands into surrounding tissues. (hormones)
-
A significant structural feater in the digestive system is the presence of tight jnun near the exposed surfaces of cells lining the digestive tract. Why are these junctions so important?
Tight junctions block the passage of water or solutes between cells. In the digestive system, these junctions keep enzymes, acids, and waste products from damaging delicate underlying tissues
-
Describe the fluid connective tissues in the human body. What are the main differences between fluid connective tissues and supporting connective tissues?
- Fluid connective tissues have a liquid, watery matrix
- THey differe from supporting connective tissues in that they have many soluble proteins in the matrix, and they do not include insoluble fibers
-
Why are infections always a serious threat after a severe burn or abrasion?
- The extensive conncections between cells formed by cell junctions, proteoglycans, and physical interlocking hold skin cells together and can deny access to chemicals or pathogens that cover their free surfaces.
- If the skin is damaged and the connections are broken, infection can easily occur
-
A layer of glycoproteins and a netweork of fine protein filaments that prevents the movement of proteins and other large molecules from the connective tissue to the epithelium describes
the basement membrane
-
Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly?
Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and other molecules must diffuse to the site of injury
-
List the similarites and differences amont the 3 types of muscles
- Similarities:
- Actin and myosin interactions produce contractions
- Calcium ions trigger and sustain contractions
- Differences:
- skeletal muscles are relatively large, multinucleate, striated, and contract only under neural stimulation
- Cardiac muscles have 1-5 nuclei, are interconnected in a branching netweork, and contract in response to pacemaker cell activity
- Smooth muscles are small, spindle shaped, nonstriated, and have only one nucleus
|
|