ch 110 study guide

structural variations of he amino acid tyrosine; thyroxine, epinephrine

chainss of amino acids; epetides are the short chains.

made from cholesterol;cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, testosterone

When are Hormones secreted

The secretion of most hormones is regulated by

Posterior Pituatary stores hormones produced by

increases water reabsorption by the kideys, decreases sweating, in large amounts causes vasoconstriction which results in decrease urination and increase blood volume which increase BP

ADH stimulates

Oxytocin stimulates

Neurohypophysis is another term for

Adenohypophysis is another term for

Which pituatary secretions are regulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus

increases amino acid transport into cells and increases protein synthesis; increases rae of mitosis; increases use of fats for energy

Stimulus of GH

increases secretion of thyroxine and T3 by the thryoid.

Stimulus of TSH

increases secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex

Stimulus of ACTH (adrenocorticotropin hormone)

initiates and maintains milk production by the mammary glands.

stimulus of Prolactin

In women: initiates development of ova in ovarian follicles and secrion of estrogen by follicle cells.
In men: initiates sperm development in the testes.

Stimulus of FSH

In women: stiumulates ovulation, transforms mature follicle into corpus luteum and stimulates secretion of progesterone.
In men: stimultes secretion of testosterone by the testes.

Stimulus of LH

is produced by thyroid follicles. increase use of all food types for energy and increase protein synthesis. Also is necessary fro normal physical, mental and sexual development.

Produced by parafollicular cells. decreases reabsorption of calcium from bones and lowers blood calcium level.

stimulus of calcitonin

How many parathyroid glands are there

increases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to the blood; increases absorption of clcium and phosphate by the small intestine; increase reaborption of calcium and excertion f phosphate by the kidneys, anc activates Vitamin D which results in

Stimulus of PTH

Inhibitor of PTH

organ that extends from curve of duodenum to the speen. Islets of  Langerhands contain apha cells and beta cells

is secreted by alpha cells. Stimulates liver to change phycogen to glucose also increases use of fats and amoino acids for energy.

what is the results of glucagon

Stimulus of glucagon

is secreted by beta cells. Increases use of glucose by cells to produce energy; stimulates liver and muscles to hcange clucose to glycogen; increases cellular intake of fatty acids and amino acid to use for synthesis of lipids and proteins.

results of insulin

stimulus of insulin

inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon

Organ on top of kidney

produces catecholamines in stress situatuions

Norepinephrine and epinephrine is from which part of the adrenal glands

stimulates vasoconstriction and raises blood pressure

increases heart rate and force
causes vasocontriction in skin and viscera
vasodialtion in skeltal muscles
dilates bronchioles
slows peristalsis
causes liver to change gycogen to glucose
increases use of fats for energy
increases rate of cell respiration

Stimulus of epinephrine

produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and very small amounts of sex hormones.

what are the hormones from the adrenal cortex

increases reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium by the kidneys.

maintains normal blood pH, blood volume, and Bp.

Stimulus of Aldosterone

increases use of fats and amino acids for energy
decreases use of glucose to conserve glucose for the brain
antinflammatory effect by blocking effects of histamine and stablizes lysosomes to prevent excessive tissue damage

Stimulus of Cortisul

Hormone produced by follicle cells.
Promotes maturation of ovum
stimulates growth of blood vessels in endometrium
stimulates development of 2ndry sex characteristics
growth of duct system of mamamary glands
growth of uterus
fat deposition
promotes closure of epiphyses of long bones
lowers blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides

Stimulus of estrogen

Hormone produced by the corpus luteum
Promotes storage of glycogen and futher growth of blood vessels in the endometrium
promotes growth of secretory cells of mammary glands

stimulus of progesterone

inhibits secretion of FSH

hormone produced by interstitial cells
promotes maturation of sperm in testes
stimulates development of 2ndry sex characteristics growth of reproductive organs, facial and body hair, larynx, skeltal muscles
promots closure of epiphyses of long bones

stimulus of testosterone

produced by sustentacular cells
inhibits secretio nof FSH to maintain a constant rate of sperm production

stimulus for testosterone

hormone secreted by the pineal gland during darkness; brings on sleep

hormone synthesized by cells from the phospholipids of their cell memebranes
exert their effects locally
are involved in inflammation and pain, reproduction, nutrient metabolism, changes in blood vessels, blood clotting

How hormones exert their effects on their target organs a hormone must first bond to what

what usually gond to receptor of the cell membnrand and what is the hormone called

Tfhe hormone recptor gonding activates whaty enbzyme

what hormones are soluble in the lipis of the cell membrane and diffuse easily into a target cell

steroid-protein complex enters the nucleus and activates certain genes, which intiate what process