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Anatomy
Human body structure
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Biology
Study of all living things
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Botany
Study of plant life
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Embryology
human anatomy BEFORE birth
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Gross anatomy
Macroscopic anatomy
anatomy with naked eye
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Histology
Microscopic anatomy
anatomy with microscope
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Morbid anatomy
Pathological anatomy
anatomy affected by disease
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Physiology
human body function
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Regional anatomy
anatomy of one area of the body at a time
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Surface anatomy
Topographical anatomy
to facilitate the location and description of internal "body structures, reference is made to certain regions, and, certain imaginary surface markings that are of particular significance in our work
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Systemic anatomy
anatomy of one system as a time
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Zoology
study of animal life
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movement
ability to change position
characteristic of life (or living things)
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responsiveness
reaction to changes
characteristic of life (or living things)
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growth
increase in size
characteristic of life (or living things)
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reproduction
production of new organisms
characteristic of life (or living things)
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respiration
breathing
characteristic of life (or living things)
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digestion
breakdown of foods into simpler forms
characteristic of life (or living things)
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absorption
passage of digested foods into body fluids
characteristic of life (or living things)
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circulation
movement of body fluids from place to place
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assimilation
changing of absorbed substances into other forms
characteristic of life (or living things)
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excretion
removal of wastes from the body
characteristic of life (or living things)
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cell
basic unit of structure and function in the human body
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chemical level
atoms, molecules, protoplasm
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tissue
a group of similar cells arranged for the performance of a particular function
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organ
a group of different tissues arranged for the performance of a particular function
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system
a group of different organs arranged for the performance of a particular function
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organism
a group of different systems arranged to make-up the complete body
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circulatory system
the heart, vessels, blood & lymph including lymphatic system
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digestive system
the alimentary canal
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endocrine system
the ductless glands
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integumentary system
the skin
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muscular system
the muscles
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nervous system
the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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reproductive system
the sex glands and structures
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respiratory system
the lungs, nose, breathing
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skeletal systems
the bones
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urinary system
the kidneys, bladder, and ducts
excretory system
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anatomical position
standing erect, with the arms hanging at the sides of the body, the palms of the hands facing forwards, and the body facing the observer
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anterior
ventral
pertaining to, or located toward, the front of the body or a body part
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cadaver
a dead human body used in anatomical study
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central
deep
pertaining to, ro located toward, the interior (the center) of the body or a body part
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distal
located farther from the point of attachment
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dorsal
posterior
pertaining to, or located toward, the back o\f the body of a body part
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inferior
pertaining to, or located toward, the lower portion of the body or a body part
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lateral
pertaining to, or located away from, the median plane of the body or a body part
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medial
pertaining to, or located toward, the median plane of the body or a body part
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parietal
pertaining to the wall of a body cavity
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peripheral
superficial
pertaining to, or located toward, the surface of the body or a body part
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prone
a position of the body or a body part in which it is turned face down
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proximal
located closer to the point of attachment
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superior
pertaining to, or located toward, the upper portion of the body or a body part
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supine
a position of the body or a body part in which it is turned face up
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visceral
pertaining to the organs contained within the body cavities
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coronal plane
frontal plane
an imaginary vertical plane passing through the body from side to side so as to be at right angles to the median plane
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transverse plane
horizontal plane
an imaginary plane passing through the body horizontally
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median plane
midsagittal plane
an imaginary vertical plane passing through the body from anterior to posterior so as to divide the body into two symmetrical halves
mirror image
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sagittal plane
an imaginary vertical plane passing through the body from anterior to posterior so as to be parallel to the medial plane
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anatomical guide
a description of the position of a body part in relation to the position of adjacent parts
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anatomical limits
the point of origin and point of termination of a body part in relation to adjacent structures
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linear guide
an imaginary line drawn on the surface of the body to represent the approximate location of some internal structure
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abdominal cavity
abdominal-pelvic cavity
the cavity within the trunk of the body, between the diaphragm and the floor of the pelvis
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abdominal cavity proper
that portion of the abdominal-pelvic cavity between the diaphragm and the superior border of the pelvis
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buccal cavity
oral cavity
the cavity within the mouth
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cranial cavity
the cavity within the cranium, containing the brain
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dorsal cavity
the cavity that is formed jointly by the cavity within the cranium and the cavity within the spinal column
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mediastinal cavity
mediastinum
the cavity within the thorax, between the lungs
it is rectangular in shaoe and contains all of the thoracic viscera except the lungs
it is bounded by the sternum, anteriorly; by the thoracic vertebrae, posteriorly, by the lungs, lateraly; by the base of the neck, superiorly; and by the diaphragm, interiorly
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nasal cavities
(paired)
the cavities within the nose
it is divided into right and left portions by a vertical septum formed mainly by the vomer bone
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orbital cavity
(paired)
the cavity on either side, on the anterior portion of the skull, containing the eyeball
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pelvic cavity
that portion of the abdominal-pelvic cavity within the pelvis
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pericardial cavity
the cavity within the pericardium
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peritoneal cavity
the cavity within the sac formed by the parietal peritoneum
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pleural cavities
the two cavities within the thorax, one on either side, containing the lungs
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spinal cavity
the cavity within the spinal column, containing the spinal cord
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thoracic cavity
the large cavity within the thorax, containing the thoracic vescera
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ventral cavity
the large cavity contained within the trunk of the body
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abdomen
abdominal region
all below diaphragm
body area between the diaphragm and pelvis
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arm
between shoulder and elbow
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leg
lower leg
calf
between knee and ankle
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chest
thorax
thoracic region
between neck and diaphragm
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torso
trunk
below neck, no extremities
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cranium
8 bones
surrounds and protects the brain
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femoral region
thigh
between the hip and knee
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forearm
between the elbow and wrist
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lower extremities
"legs"
from the hip down
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mediastinum
middle section of the thorax, that is, between the two lungs
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upper extremities
"arms"
from shoulder to hand
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connective tissue
the binders of the body, also serve as the framework of the body
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adipose
fat
connective tissue
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blood
lymph
hematopoietic tissue
connective tissue
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bone
teeth
vomer
connective tissue
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nerve tissue
nervous tissue
makes up with the nerves of the body
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brain
encephalon
nerve tissue
nervous tissue
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cardiac muscle
muscle tissue
muscular tissue
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cranial nerves
spinal neves
verves
nerve tissue
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cartilage
precursor to bone
connective tissue
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spinal nerves
cranial nerves
nerve tissue
nervous tissue
makes up with the nerves of the body
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epithelial tissue
linings and coverings of the body
produces secretions to lubricate and protect surfaces
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endometrium
epithelial tissue proper
the inside lining of the uterus
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epithelial tissue proper
ALL epithelial tissue that is NOT Endothelium or Mesothelium
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endotelium
inside lining of the vascular (circulatory) system
epithelial tissue
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endocardium
inside layer (lining) of the heart
endothelium
epithelial tissue
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epidermis
the outer most covering of the skin (integumentary system)
Epithelial tissue proper
epithelial tissue
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glandular epithelium
make up the glands of the body
Epithelial tissue proper
epithelial tissue
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involuntary muscle
muscle NOT under your control
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ligaments
hold bones to bones
connective tissue
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mesothelium
outside covering of the hollow organs of the body or the lining of the body cavities
will always include the Serous Membranes
epithelial tissue
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mucous membranes
the epithelial tissues that line those structures that open to the outside of the body
inside lining of the : respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive system
epithelial tissue proper
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myocardium
this is the muscle (middle) layer of the heart
cardiac muscle
muscle (muscular) tissue
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smooth muscle
non-striated muscle
invlountary muscle
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perietal pericardium
lines the pericardial sac
pericardium
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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pericardium
pericardial membranes
lining of the pericardial cavity
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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parietal pluera
lines the rib cage
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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peritoneum
the outside covering of most of the organs in the abdominal cavity
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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pleura
pleural membranes
lining of the pleural cavities
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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skeletal muscle
striated muscle
voluntary muscle
all attached to the skeleton
- muscle tissue
- muscular tissue
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spinal chord
- nerve tissue
- nervous tissue
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striated muscle
striped appearance under a microscope
skeletal muscle
- muscle tissue
- muscular tissue
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tendons
connect muscles to muscles
connect muscle to bone
connective tissue
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tunica adventitia
tunica externa
outside covering of a vessel (artery, vein, or lymph vessel)
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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tunica intima
tunica interna
inside lining of a vessel (artery, vein, or lymph vessel)
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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visceral pericardium
epicardium
is the outer layer (covering) of the heart
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
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visceral pleura
covers each lung
mesothelium
epithelial tissue
serous membrane
epithelial membrane
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diarthrosis joints
free moving
hinge type joints
synovial joints
synovial membranes
connective type membranes
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Endometrium
inside lining of the uterus
mucous membrane
Epithelial type membrane
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epicardium
visceral pericardium
outer layer (or covering) of the heart
pericardium
serous membrane
epithelial membrane
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connective type membranes
derived from connective tissues
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epithelial type membranes
derived from epithelium
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membrane
thin expanse (layer) of tissue
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mesothelium
serous membranes
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mucous membranes
lining those body structures that open to the outside of the body
they secrete mucus that acts as a lubricant and protective barrier
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parietal pericardium
pericardium
lines the pericardial sac
serous membrane
epithelial type membrane
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parietal pleura
lines the rib cage
serous membrane
epithelial type membrane
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pericardial membranes
pericardium
lining of the pericardial cavity
serous membranes
epithelial type membranes
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peritoneum
the outside covering of most of the organs in abdominal cavity
serous membranes
epithelial type membranes
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pleura
pleural membranes
lining of the pleural cavities
serous membranes
epithelial type tissue
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serum
serous fluid
acts as a lubricant to prevent friction as an organ rubs against another
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serous membranes
lining those hollow organs and cavities that DO NOT open to the outside of the body
epithelial type membrane
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synovia
synovial fluid
acts as a lubricant to prevent friction in the joint
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synovial membranes
found associated with those joints (articulations) between bones with free (much) movement
connective type membranes
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