Biochem 1

Ethanol metabolism
- NAD+ = limiting reagent
- Alcohol dehydrogenase operates via zero-order kinetics
What is ethanol hypoglycemia
- Elevated NADH/NAD+ ratio ->
- pyruvate -> lactate
- oxaloacetate -> malate
Which stimulates fatty acid synthesis and inhibits gluconeogenesis
Rate determining enzyme for
De novo pyrimidine synthesis

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
Rate determining enzyme for TCA cycle

Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Glucokinase
Liver and B cells of pancreas
- Low affinity(high Km)
- High capacity (high Vmax)
- induced by insulin
Glucose -> Glucose-6-phosphate
Enzyme and regulators for
Fructose-6-P to Fructose-1,6,BP
Phosphofructokinase-1
- Negative
- - ATP
- - Citrate
- Positive
- - AMP
- - fructose-2,6,BP (forced induction)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Pyruvate -> acetyl-CoA
- Cofactors
- Pyrophosphate (B1, thiamine)
- FAD (B2, riboflavin)
- NAD (B3 niacin)
- CoA (B5 pantothenate)
- Lipoic acid
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Backup of pyruvate and alanine -> lactic acidosis

CLINICAL: neurologic defects
- Treatment:
- increase ketogenic nutrients (high fat content or increase lysine and leucine)
Rotenone
CN-
antimycin A
CO

Electron transport inhibitors

Decrease in proton gradient and block of ATP synthesis

Author

lazzsant

172681

Card Set

Biochem 1

Description

Biochem 1

Updated

2012-09-28T00:36:23Z

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