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Biochem 1
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Ethanol metabolism
NAD+ = limiting reagent
Alcohol dehydrogenase operates via zero-order kinetics
What is ethanol hypoglycemia
Elevated NADH/NAD+ ratio ->
pyruvate -> lactate
oxaloacetate -> malate
Which stimulates fatty acid synthesis and inhibits gluconeogenesis
Rate determining enzyme for
De novo pyrimidine synthesis
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
Rate determining enzyme for TCA cycle
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Glucokinase
Liver and B cells of pancreas
Low affinity(high Km)
High capacity (high Vmax)
induced by insulin
Glucose -> Glucose-6-phosphate
Enzyme and regulators for
Fructose-6-P to Fructose-1,6,BP
Phosphofructokinase-1
Negative
- ATP
- Citrate
Positive
- AMP
- fructose-2,6,BP (forced induction)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Pyruvate -> acetyl-CoA
Cofactors
Pyrophosphate (B1, thiamine)
FAD (B2, riboflavin)
NAD (B3 niacin)
CoA (B5 pantothenate)
Lipoic acid
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
Backup of pyruvate and alanineĀ -> lactic acidosis
CLINICAL: neurologic defects
Treatment
:
increase ketogenic nutrients (high fat content or increase lysine and leucine)
Rotenone
CN-
antimycin A
CO
Electron transport inhibitors
Decrease in proton gradient and block of ATP synthesis
Author
lazzsant
ID
172681
Card Set
Biochem 1
Description
Biochem 1
Updated
2012-09-28T00:36:23Z
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