Chapter 1

the properties in the vertical direction are different from those in the horizontal direction

Refers to plastic deformation that is usually carried out at room temperature. When deformation occurs below the recrystallization temperature. 

Linear, one-dimentional defects

Material returns to its original shape when the force is removed

The material does not return to its original shape when the force is removed. Permanent deformation.

Surfaces that separate individual grains

Large grain size is associated with low strength, low hardness, and low ductility. 

The ratio T/T_m where T is the working temperature and T_m is the melting point

Plastic deformation that occurs above the recrystallization temperature

Occurs at a certain temperature range below the recrystallization temperature of the metal, where the stresses in the highly deformed regions of the metal piece are being relieved.

• New strain-free grains nucleate and grow to replace those deformed by internal stresses
• Decreased strength and hardness
• Increased Ductility

The combination of a slip plane and its direction of slip

Increased shear stress required to overcome entanglements and impediments that results in an increase in the overall strength and hardness of the metal