Streptococci

major type specific protein associated with virulent strep and has a carboxy terminus anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane and an amino terminus that extends through the cell wall about the cell surface

act as adhesins and interact with fibronectin on the surface of the host cell

contains hyaluronic acid and is the outermost layer that prevents strep phagocytosis by forming a physical barrier

formerly known as “erythrogenic toxins”; heat-labile exotoxins that act as superantigens and interact with T cells and macrophages to produce rashi, shock and organ failure

oxygen-stable, cell bound, nonimmunogenic; produced in serum; stimulates release of lysosomal contents after phagocytosis; responsible for beta-hemolysis observed on blood agar

oxygen-labile, immunogenic compound that is irreversibly inhibited by skin cholesterols and cross-reacts with similar oxygen labile toxins

mediate cleavage of plasminogen to release plasmin which then cleaves fibrin and fibrinogen resulting in lysis of fibrin

enzymes that depolymerize free DNA present in pus reducing the viscosity of abscess material and facilitating spread of infection

complement component that mediates inflammation via recruitment and activation of phagocytic cells

capable of breaking down an acidic compound (hyalruronic acid) that is responsible for cellular integrity; “spreading factor”

"Strep Throat”, person-person transmission via droplets; rapid onset, fever, sore throat, erythematous posterior pharynx and exudate

complication of streptococcal pharyngitis where the enfecting strep strain undergoes lysogeny via temperate bacteriophage to produce a pyrogenic exotoxin

an infective vesicular/pustular epidermal disease; characterized by formation of vesicles that lead to pustules that rupture and form crusts

skin infection that is known for the “butterfly-wing” rash and is characterized by erythema/inflammation, lymphadenopathy and leukocytosis

a form of cellulitis in the region of the submaxillary gland

• "streptococcal gangrene” by “flesh eating bacteria” that occurs deep in the subcutaneous tissue resulting in
• destruction of muscle and fat tissue

bacteremic immunocompromised patients susceptible to the effects of the pyrogenic exotoxin (SpeA); similar to TSS by staph

raw, red lingual surface observed in scarlet fever

pink or red transverse lines at the bend of the elbow that blanch on application of pressure; in patients with scarlet fever

S. pyogenes disease may result in a nonsuppurative complication charactereized by arthralgias and myorcardial inflammation; associated with pharyngeal infections but not cutaneous infections

peritonsillar exudates of streptococcal pharyngitis

complication of disease with S. pyogenes characterized by renal glomerular inflammation, hematuria, proteinurea, and HTN