Chapter 4

a chemical messenger that communicates across synapse

a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells more distant than the synapse by deffusing away from the point of release

a chemical messenger that communicates withtarget cells that communicates with target cells at great distance, often by traveling through the circulation

one of a group of chemical messengers that includes amino acids and amines

a reptide act as a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator or a neurohormone

an essential component of proteins

a major small molecule neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction in the autonomic nervous system and in the central nervous system

an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

a postsynaptic receptor that responds to nicotine and ACh

a postsynaptic receptor that responds to both ACh and muscarine

one of the major group of biogenic aminic neurotransmitter including dopamine, norepinephrine epinerphine and serotinin

a member of a group of related biogenic amines that includes dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine

one of a subgroup of monoamines including serotonin a nd melatonin

an enzyme that breaks down monoaminies

a substance produced during the synthesis of catecholamines that is also administered as a treatment of parkinsons disease

a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter implicated in motor control , reward and psychosis

a major monoamine and catecholamine neurotransmitter

one of the monoamine / catecholamine neurotransmitters also know as adrenaline

major monoamine and indoleamine neurotransmitter believed to participate the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite.

a major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter

a major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter

a byproduct of adenosine triposphate (ATP) that function as a neurotransmitter.

a gas that performs a type of signaling between neurons

substance that promotes the activitity of a neurotransmitter

substance that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter

a substance derived from a plant that depleter supplies of monomines by interfering into synaptic vesicles used to treat a high blood pressure but produces depression

a fatal condition produced by bacteria in sposiled food in which a toxin produced by the bacteria prevents the release of ACh

a substance derived from amazonian plants that causes paralysis by blocking the nicotinic ACh receptor

a major tranquilizer that acts as GABA agonist

a drug that produces strong sedation by acting as GABA agonist

substance that interferes with the transpor of released neurotransmitter molecules back into the presynaptic terminal

a brainstem area in which the blood brain barrier is more permeable that triggers vomiting in response to the detection of circulating toxins. 

perceived benefit from inactive substance or procedures

a research desing in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knwes whether the participant is receiving a drug or a placebo until after the research is concluded. 

the process in which more of a drug is indeed to produce the same effect

the symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are no longer administered or ar administered in smaller quantities

a compulsice craving for drug effects or other experience

a dopaminergic structure believed to participate in reward and addiction

a drug that produces changes in mental process

a stimulant drug found in  coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate that acts as an antagonist to adenosine

a stimualting drug that is the major active component found in tobacco

a powerful addictive dopamine agonist derived from the leaves of the cocoa plant of south america

a highly addictive drug that acts as a potent dopamine agonist

a variation of amphetamine that is cheaply produced and widely abused in the U.S.

a close relative of amphetamine that produces its behavioral effects by stimulating the release of serotoning

an illegal liquid sedative that appears to affect the thresholds of response for a number of neurotransmitters.

a compound extracted from opium used to treat pain.

an opium derivative used medicinally for cough supression and pain relief

an active substance derived from the opium poppy

a naturally occurring neuropeptide that is very closely related to optoids

the major ingredient of cannabis

a naturally occurring brain chemical that interacts with cannabinoid receptors

a possible candidate for a naturally occurring cannabinoid in the nervous system

the active hallucinogenic ingredient found in the peyote cactus

a hallucinogen that acts as an antagonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor

a hallucinogenic drug that resembles serotin

an herb that is frequently sed to selftreat mild depression