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what are the three types of muscle tissue?
- skeletal muscle tissue
- cardiac muscle tissue
- smooth muscle tissue
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describe the traits and function of skeletal muscle tissue
- cells are long, clindrical, striated (parallel), and multi-nucleate
- combined with connective tissues and neural tissue in skeletal muscles
- moves or stabilizes the position of the skeleton; guards entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory tracts; generates heat; protects internal organs
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function and traits of cardiac muscle tissue
- cells are short, branched, and striated, usually with a single nucleus, celler are interconnected by intercalated discs
- located in the heart
- circulates blood, maintains blood (hydrostatic) pressure
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smooth muscle tissue characteristics
- cells are short, spindleoshaped, and nonstriated with single nucleus
- all of blood vessels and digestive, respiratory organs
- moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions, regulates diameter of blood vessels
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what are the five skeletal muscle functions
- produce movement of the skeleton
- maintain body position and posture
- support soft tissues
- guard entrances and exits
- maintain body temperature
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what is the organization of skeletal muscle tissue called?
organs that contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, skeletal muscle tissue
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what is the purpose of extensive network of blood vessels in skeletal muscle provide?
nutrients and oxygen; skeletal muscles have high metabolic needs
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is skeletal muscle tissue under voluntary or involuntray control?
voluntary; must be stimulated by central nervous system
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how are muscle fibers (myocyte) formed?
from specialized stem cells called myoblasts into one long multinucleated muscle fiber
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what does the graph of muscle fiber tell us about its development?
you were born wil all your muscle cells
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what are the implications of the decline in myoblast proliferation?
less able to repiar muscle cells
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how do tendons form?
where the ends of all three layers of connective tissue come togethe and attach the muscle to a bone
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what is scarcolemma
muscle fiber plasma membrane has opneing acorss the surface that lead to a network of t-tubles (which allow signals to be effectively communicated to all)
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what are myofribrils?
bundles of thick and think myofilaments (contractile proteins)
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what does the sarcoplsmic reticulum contain?
high level of calcium ions
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how are the Z and M line related to thick and thin filaments
M line has the thick filaments while the Z line had the thin filaments
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what is the relationship between actin and myosin?
actin is a thin twisted protein, with specific active sites for myosin binding
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what is tropomyosin?
protein that are held in position by troponin (green line) in the active sites
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what are the A, I and H bands for?
- A is all the thick filaments including thin
- I is just the thin filaments
- H is only thick
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which of the bands or zones would not change as muscle is contracted?
A band
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what is nebulin
- an actin binding protein localized to the thin filament of the sarcomeres in skeletal muscle
- acts as a thin filament "ruler" and regulates thin filament length during sarcomere assembly
- stabilize actin, keep it straight so myosin can bind
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what is titin
giant protein that functions as a molecular spring which is responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle
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