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What is the primary distinquishing charateristic of matter?
It has mass.
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How is mass measured?
In kilograms(kg).
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Define matter.
- Anything that occupies space and has mass
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Define Energy
The ability to do work.
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The tranfer of energy is ________.
radiation
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The removal of an electron from an atom is called _____.
ionization
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X-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet light are forms of
___________.
electromagnet radiation.
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The largest source of enviornmenal radiation.
radon
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What percentage of our annual radiattion dose is due to medical imaging?
51%
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What was the name of the partially evacuated glass tube that Roentgen was experimentig with when he discovered x-rays
Crookes tube
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The fluorescent material used to coat the xray plate discovered accidently by Roentgen
barium platinocyanide
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a roentgen(R) is called a __________ in SI units
and it measures_______.
air kerma (Gya), exposure
J/kg
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a rad is called a ____________
in SI units and measures_________.
gray(Gyt), absorbed dose
rad stands for: radiation absorbed dose
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A curie(Ci) is called a ______ in SI units and measures
________.
becquerel, radioactivity
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A rem is called a ________ in SI units and measures
__________.
sievert, effective dose
(often used for occupational radiation monitoring)
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What is a derived quantity?
- In physics there are three base quantities: mass, length, and time which are the building blocks of all other quantities. The derived quantities are a combination of one or more of the three base quantities.
- Examples: length cubed=volume, length/time =velocity
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What does rem stand for?
- radiation equivalent man
- measures effective dose
- SI unit:Sievert(Sv)
- (some places I've seen Roentgen
Equivalent Man)
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___________ is the kinetic energy of molecules.
Heat
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_________is the rate of doing work.
Power
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Work /time or the rate of doing work is __________.
Power
(the rate of doing work)
-
The unit of work
Joule(J)
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the SI unit for Power
joule/second J/s
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_____________is the kinetic energy transferred from photons to electron during ionization and excitation.
Air Kerma(Kinetic energy released in mattter) Gya
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_______is the quantity of matter as described by it's energy equivalence.
mass
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Energy is measured in
joules (j)
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Energy emitted and transferred through space is called
_________.
radiation
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Natural enviornmental radiation results in an annual dose of approximately___________.
3 mSv
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Of the three principle radiation controls:
time, distance, and shielding, which is most important?
shielding
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Radiation exposure is measured in
Special units:_____________ and
SI units_____________________.
C/kg(coulumb/kg), Air kerma(Gya)
- (old unit the roentgen(R) )
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Radiation dose is measured in
Special units:_______________and
SI units_____________________.
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Effective dose is masured in
Special units:________________and
SI units_____________________.
J/kg, Sieverts(Sv)
(old unit rem)
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The mass of an object times it's velocity is it's
____________.
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Resistance to change in motion is_______________.
inertia
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____________is the ability to do work.
energy
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The force required to change the state of motion of an object is ______ proportional to the product of the _____
and the ____________.
- directly, mass, acceleration
- F = ma.
- NEWTON'S 2ND LAW
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For every action there is an _______and_________
reaction.
- equal,opposite
- NEWTON'S 3RD LAW
- ACTION/REACTION
- Example:if we step off a boat onto the bank of a lake: as we move in the direction of the shore, the boat tends to move in the opposite direction (leaving us facedown in the water, if we aren't careful!).
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Which Newton's law does this illustrate?
- Newton's 2nd law
- the law of force
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Which Newton law does this illustrate?
- Newton's 1st law
- The law of inertia
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what is constant and is symbolized by C:C=3x10^8 m/s?
Velocity of light
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a weight lifted through a height is _______.
WORK SI unit is joules(J)
W=fd force is expressed in Newtons and distance in Meters
-
joule per second
J/s
power
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The equation for power is___________and the SI unit
is___________.
P=fd/t which is the same as work divided by time
force(newtons) times distance(meters) =work(joules) divided by time in seconds
SI unit: J/s
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Describe three kinds of heat transfer illlustrated in this picture.
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What does ALARA stand for?
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Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars are called _______.
cosmic rays
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The ejected electron and the resultant positively charged atom is called the _______.
ion pair
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What are the three components of natural environmental
radiation?
- Cosmic rays
- terrestrial radiation
- internally deposited radionucl
i
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terrestrial radiation
results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the Earth
-
unit that applies only to x-rays and gamma rays and their interactions with air
Roentgen(R)
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A major source of radon is________.
granite
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fast-moving particles capable of ionization
alpha and beta particles
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