180 test2.txt

Rare earth screens; it must match

Blue sensitive film

Green and blue

• Temp 20 degree Celsius 68F
• Humidity >60%
• Shelf life - cool dry place

Hypo

Convert latent image to manifest

Washes off the unaffected silver halide

Fixer retention

Polyester plastic

Base,reflective layer,phosphor,base,contact felt, low z front , low z back

Fewer than 1%

Reduce patient dose

Barium flurochloride, barium sulfate,zinc sulfide, calcium tungstate, lanthanum

Radiographic noise produce by the random interaction of x ray with intensifying screen

• Kvp - number of X-rays in image forms beam
• mA - number of X-rays produced radiation quantity
• Exposure time (s) minimize motion blur the can occur during patent motion.
• SID - determines the intensity of X-ray beam at IR

Inherent,compensating, added filtration

Dosage minimize patient motion blur

Sufficient mAs used to image thick or dense body parts, shorter exposure time. More X-rays at anode

Electron interaction over smaller area of anode; finer detail

• Black OD 3 or greater
• Clear is less than 0.2
• Light OD of 2
• Useful range 2?

Over exposure too dark

Under expose

• Fix distance
• MAs used to control OD change in 30% mAs is used to produce a visible image

Thicker body = more strength

Large - more X-rays

Difference in OD between adjacent anatomical structures or the variations in OD on a radiograph

Bones spinal column

Psoas muscle, kidney

Super coat, emulsion, adhesive, base, adhesive, emulsion, supercoat

Developer fixer washing drying

The exposed crystal , electron collected at sensitivity center. These elections concert silver jobs to atomic silver

Toxic skin burns eye irritations

Color watt distance from film

Dryer is out

Double emulsion

Single screen single side emulsion

Electromagnetic radiation that has neither mass nor electric charge but interacts with matter as though it's a particle

Tungsten

Particulate from of ionizing radiation that consists of two photon an two neutron.

Helium emitted from nucleus of radioactive atom

Electron proton neutron

Electron closer to nucleus Stronger binding

No, bound strongly together and that action would change type of atom

Opposite charged particle come together

Tightly bonded strength = certain amount of energy to release

• Electron cloud
• Produced outside nucleus of excited atoms

Produced inside the nucleus of radioactive atoms

• Nucleus
• Particulate radiation

Ability to do work

Secondary quantities combination one or more of the three base quantities

Volume density velocity

Any electromagnetic that had sufficient energy to remove an electron from an atom

• 1/1000 of a rad
• 100 ergs of energy absorbed per gram of tissue

300mrad yr

First heated filament X-ray tube

Real time x ray

Rate of change over time

Phosphor fluorescent material

Roentgen discovers X-rays

1901

1907

1913

• Weight is determined by gravity
• Mass is constant

X rays gamma rays visible light radio waves microwaves infrared radiation ultra violet radiation

X-rays interact at electron level or nuclear level

Electromagnetic interact molecules cells

Lower patient radiation dose

X-rays electron absorbs energy and is release from atom + - ion pair

Ability to image small objects that have high subject contrast

Rare earth screens only in conjunction with film emulsion that have lift absorption match light emission of screen

Active layer of the radiographic intensifying screen closest to radiographic film

Emission of visible light

Measure of the maximum electrical potential

Product of exposure time and x ray tube current. Measure total number of electron

Ability of an X-ray beam to penetrate tissue

Distance from X-ray tube to IR

Filtration of useful X-ray beams provided by the permanently installed components of an film emulsion

X-ray tube housing assembly an glass must match light emission

Liquid in to which various solids and powers can be dissolved

Physical imperfections on the lattice of emulsion layer that occur during the filming manufacturing process.

Unobservable image stored in the silver halide

Active ingredient of radiographic emulsions

Use of rare earth screens only in conjunction with film emulsions that have light absorption characteristics matched the light emissions of the screen

Unintended optical density on a radiograph or another film type of IR

Artifact caused by unintended exposure to radiation

How long before it expires

Referring to blue it green sensitive films

Relative number used to identify the efficiency of conversion of X-rays in to usable light

Image does not deteriorate with age but remains in original state

Low contrast

High contrast

• Developing 22sec
• Fixer 22
• Washing 20
• Drying 26

• 8x10
• 10x12
• 11x14
• 14x17

Smaller crystals uniform grain size

Larger crystals wider range sizes

• Thicker emulsion an more crystals
• Not sensitive to light
• Increased dose
• Very detailed

• Polyester plastic base - support layer
• Phosphor layer - active layer
• Reflective layer - increase screen efficiency
• Protective coating

X-rays emit ^ equal intensity in all directions

Useful or primary beam

Pyrex glass or metal enclosure to withstand high heat load and minimize X-ray absorption

Filament focusing cup

Thermionic emission

Conducts electricity radiates heat contains target

Two types stationery and rotating

• 99% kinetic energy to hear
• 1% converted to X-rays

The smaller the anode angle the larger the heel affect