Rad Science Chapter 1.txt

Anything that occupies space. It is the material substance with mass of which physical objects are composed.

All matter is composed of fundamental building blocks which are arranged in various complex ways.

The quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence.

Measured in kilograms (kg)

This term is used when describing the mass of an object (may be considered the same as mass)

The fundalmental , complex, building blocks of matter are ______ & ______.

* Note *

What does SI stand for

Energy is measured in

The ability to do work

The ability to do work by virtue of position

The energy of motion. It is possessed by all matter in motion

The energy released by a chemical reaction

Represents the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (voltage)

The energy of motion at the molecular level

The energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom

Type of energy that is used in X-ray imaging

Serves as the basis for the atomic bomb, nuclear power plants, and certain nuclear medicine imaging modalities.

Mass-Energy equation

The transfer of energy. Energy emitted and transferred through space

Visible light, a form of electromagnetic energy, is radiated by the sun and is

Matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be ______ or _______. (Spending a day at the beach, you have been)

Type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts between radiation and matter

The orbital electron and the atom from which it was separated are called

The removal of an electron from an atom

The 3 forms of electromagnetic radiation with sufficient energy to ionize are

* Note *

The 2 main catagories of sources of ionizing radiation are

Natural environment radiation consist of 3 components

Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars

Results from deposits of uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides in the earth

Mainly potassium-40, are natural metabolites, have always been with us and contribute an equal dose to each of us

Radioactive gas that is produced by the natural radioactive decay of uranium, which is present in trace quantities of the Earth. The larges natural source of environmental radiation

Constitute the largest man made source of ionizing radiation (3.2 mSv/yr)

Abbreviation CT

What is the percentage of our annual average radiation dose is attributable to medical imaging?

During the 1870's and the 1880's, labs were investigating the conduction of cathode rays or electrons, through a large, partially evacuated glass tube known as

November 8, 1895 was working in his lab and experimenting when he discovered x-rays

There are 3 general types of X-ray examinations:

Uses film or solid-state image receptor and usually an X-ray tube mounted from the ceiling on a track that allows the tube to be moved in any direction

Usually conducted with an X-ray tube located under the examination table

Uses a rotating X-ray source and detector array. A volume of data is acquired so that fixed images can be reconstructed in any anatomical plane.

* Note *

Development that helped reduce exposure time and in conjunction with the glass photographic plates

Exposing 2 glass X-ray plates with the emulsion surfaces together, exposure time was halved, and the image was considerably enhanced

* Note *

Abbreviation PET

Abbreviation MRI

* Note *

Keep radiation exposures as low as reasonably achievable

Examinations conducted with radiographic intensifying screens reduce exposure of the patient to X-ray by more than _______% compared with examinations conducted without.

The standard unite of time and is based on the vibration of atoms of cesium

* Note *

3 very important things of the Ten Commandments of Radiation Protection

Sometimes called speed, is a measure of how fast something is moving or, more precisely, the rate of change of its position with time

The rate of change of velocity with time

Law: A body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.

The property of matter that acts to resist a change in its state of motion

Law: The force that acts on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration produced.

Can be thought of as a push or pull on an object

Law: For every action , there is an equal and opposite reaction

A force on a body caused by the pull of gravity on it and is the product of mass and the acceleration of gravity on Earth

The product of the mass of an object and its velocity is

In mathmetical terms, the unit of work is

The product of (multiplication of) of force and distance

The rate of doing work; the quotient of work by time

May be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed

The kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules; form of energy that is very important to radio logic techs

The unit of heat; defined as the heat necessary to raise the temp of 1 g of water by 1°C

The transfer of heat through a material or by touching

The mechanical transfer of "hot" molecules in a gas or liquid from one place to another

The transfer of heat npby the emission of infrared radiation

The unit of radiation exposure or intensity; The kinetic energy transferred from photons to electrons ionization and excitation

What is RAD? gray is the unit of ______.

The radiation energy absorbed per unit mass and has units of J/kg or gray

Occupational radiation monitoring devices are analyzed; used to express the quantity of radiation received by radiation workers and populations

The unit of occupational radiation exposure and effective dose

The unit of radioactivity; unit of quantity of radioactive material, not the radiation emitted by that material

Quantity: Exposure

Quantity: Absorbed dose

Quantity: Effective Dose

Quantity: Radioactivity