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Life Hierachy of organization
- 1. Bioshpere
- 2. Ecosystem (florida coast)
- 3. Community (all organisms on the florida coast)
- 4. Population ( group of brown pelicans)
- 5 organism ( a brown pelican)
- 6. Organ system ( nervous system )
- 7. Organ ( brain)
- 8. Tissue ( nervous tissue)
- 9. cell ( nerve cell)
- 10. organelle (nucleus )
- 11. Molecule (DNA)
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Emergent properties
- New properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarcy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
- The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
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Producers
An organism that makes organic food molecules from CO2 H2O and other inorganic raw materials: a plant, alga, or autotrophic prokaryote
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Consumers
An organism that obtains its food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants.
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Systems biology
An approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems.
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prokaryotic cell
A typpe of cell lacking a membrane- enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
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Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and toher membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms exept bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells.
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genes
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotidie sequence in DNA (or RNA in some viruses). Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and choloroplasts.
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Properties that are common to all organisms
- Order
- Regulation
- Growth and development
- Energy processing
- Response to the environment
- Reproduction
- Evoluutionary adaptation
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Species
term used for a particular type of organism
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Domains.
kingdoms of life can be organized into three overarching groups
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Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea both consist of ____
Prokaryotes -organisms with prokaryotic cells. (Most prokaryotes are unicellular and microscopic. )
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Domain Eukarya
All the eukaryote, organisms with eukaryotic cells, are now grouped into the various kingdoms of Eukarya
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Awatic or moist habitats of Eukarya are called
Protists
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Protists
Mulitiple kingdoms within this sub domain.Some protists make their own food by photosynthsis.
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Protozoans
animal-like in that the eat other organisms. Also another assortment of protists.
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kingdoms within Eukarya (excluding Protists) are ____ eukaryotes
multicellular.
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Kingdoms within Eukarya
2) distingushed partly by what?
- Protsts (multiple kingdoms);
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Animalia
- Distinguished partly by their modes of nutrition.
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Kingdom Plantae consists of what? what is the food source?
Consits of plants which produce their own food by photosynthesis and have cells with rigid walls made of cellulose.
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Kingdom Fungi consists of what? what is the main food source?
Molds, yeasts and mushrooms. Decomposition.
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Kingdom Animalia consists of what? what is the food source?
Animals (lions and tigers and bears... OH MY!) Eat other organisms.
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Decomposition
break down the remains of dead organisms and organic wastes such as leaf litter and animal feces, and absorb the nutrients into their cells
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Most animals are motile which means they are...
made of cells that lack rigid walls.
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Evolution
Species living today are descendants of ancestral species (descent with modification) through natural selection
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Two observations of Darwin in his theory
- Individual variation
- Overproduction of offspring.
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individual variation
individuals in a propulation vary in many heritable traits.
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overproductionof offspring
a populationof any species has the potential to produce far more offspring than will survive to produce offspring of their own
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Two inferences of Darwin
- Unequal reproductive sucess
- over time, favorable traits accumulate in a population
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Unequal reproductive sucess suggests:
individuals are uneaual in their likelihood of surviving and reproducing. Those individuals with heritable traits best suited to the environment will leave the greatest number of healthy, fertile offspring.
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Science is derived from a latin verb meaning
toknow
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Science seeks natural causes for:
natural phenomena
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Science is limited to the study of :
structures and processes that we can ovserve and measure through any measures.
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Inductive reasoning
derives general principles from a large number of specific observations.
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hypothesis
proposed explanation for a set of observations. A good one leads to predictions that scientists can test by recording additional observations or by designing experiments.
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Deductive reasoning
the logic used in hypothesis based science to come up with ways to test hypotheses. Reasoning flows from the general to the specific.
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Theory
explains a great diversity of bservations and is supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence. Can generate new hypotheses.
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