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Females are characterized by what in anatomy?
- Uterus
- Ovaries
- Fallopian Tubes
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The uterus at full-term can be how many times its normal weight?
10x-20x
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The endometrial lining normally ranges from what what thickness?
- 2-10 mm (depending on which stage of the menstrual cycle)
- 8 mm or better for IVF candidates
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What pathological condition can affect conception?
Fibroids
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The fallopian tubes are lined internally with this.
It is important for helping the egg move from the the tube to the uterus.
Cilia
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What size is considered abnormal for ovaries?
5 cm or greater enlargement
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During a woman's reproductive lifetime, about ____ follicles are recruited for development, but only about ___ eggs are released.
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This is one of the most common female endocrine disorders.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- The principal features are anovulation, resulting in irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, ovulation-related infertility, and polycystic ovaries; excessive amounts or effects of androgenic hormones, resulting in acne and hirsutism (excessive hair where hair is not normally present); and insulin resistance, often associated with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol levels.
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Females are characterized by what in physiology?
- Menstruation
- Pregnancy
- Childbirth
- Breastfeeding
- Menopause
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This refers to the monthly bleeding that occurs in women of reproductive age.
Menstruation
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The onset of the first menstrual period.
- Menarche
- Average Age: 12.5
- Premature (Blood Heat): 10 or less years old (may be due to Hyperthyroidism, can have heavier flow)
- Delayed (Blood and / or KI Def): after 16 years old (may be due to Hypothyroidism)
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The menstrual cycle occurs every _____ days; the average is __ days and lasts ___ days, with women losing an average amount of _____ ml.
- cycle: 21-35 days
- average: 28 days
- lasts: 3-7 days
- average amount: 30-80 ml
- *it is important that the number of days between menses stays about the same
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The color of menses is usually ________, lighter in the begining, deep in the middle, and pinkish at the end of the period, __________________.
- color: dark red
- no clots and cramps
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This part of the "Four Phases" is characterized by:
-Sharp fall in estrogen & progesterone levels
-Broken endometrium flows out through vagina
- Period / Menstruation
- 3-7 days
- (Blood moving which relies on the free flow of LR Qi & Blood)
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This part of the "Four Phases" is characterized by:
-Follicular growth
-Rise of estrogen levels due to FSH
- After period / Follicular phase
- 7 days
- (Blood & Yin are relatively empty; Chong & CV are depleted)
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This part of the "Four Phases" is characterized by:
-Release of egg from ovary
-Corpus Luteum development due to LH
- Mid-cycle / Ovulation Phase
- 7 days
- (Blood & Yin gradually fill up in Chong and CV)
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This part of the "Four Phases" is characterized by:
-Corpus Luteum growth
-Progesterone secretion
- Before Period / Luteal Phase
- 7 Days
- (Yang Qi rises & LR Qi moves in preparation for period)
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If there is a Pathology of Internal Organs, what may that be due to?
- Empty Chong Vessel blood fails to nourish Bao Gong
- LR fails to provide and move the blood
- SP fails to make and hold blood
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If there is a Pathology of Qi & Blood, what may that be due to?
All the Organs, meridians and extraordinary vessels are empty or stagnant
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If there is a Pathology of Extraordinary Vessel, what may that be due to?
- Chong - Fails to provide / move Qi
- CV - Fails to provide essence & Yin
- GV - Fails to provide Minister Fire & Yang
- Dai - Fails to restrain SP / LR / KI
- Yin Heel (Qiao) - Fails to resolve adhesion such as those from endometriosis & hysterectomy
- Yin Link (Wei) - Fails to nourish Yin meridians
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What are the hormones involved in menstruation?
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What is the term for an acute rise of luteinizing hormone which triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum
LH Surge
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Another term for this is "hollow ball".
It has two parts:
1. Baby
2. Placenta, umbilical cord
- Blastocyst
- The second part also begins the secrete βhCG (double amount if with twins)
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This prevents the deterioration of the corpus luteum at the end of the fourth week.
This enables pregnancy to continue beyond the end of the normal menstrual cycle.
The implanted blastocyst makes this as well.
βhCG
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As pregnancy continues, the placenta becomes a major source of ___________, its presence is essential to maintain pregnancy.
Progesterone
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A pregnancy lasts about __ weeks from the time of conception or __ weeks from first day of the last menstrual period.
- 38 weeks from conception
- 40 weeks form first day of last period
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What are the physiological changes of pregnancy?
- Placenta produces hormones:
- 1. to maintain pregnancy
- 2. that cause the thyroid gland to become more active (mood swings, increased sweating, palpitations, enlarged thyroid gland)
- 3. that increase adrenal hormone levels that can lead to edema
- 4. insulin resistance that can lead to gestational diabetes
- -Increased LH and βhCG to maintain pregnancy
- -Higher levels of progesterone slows down peristalsis leading to belching, heart burn, constipation
- -Heart works harder (from 70 bpm to 80-90 bpm), also increased blood volume and number of RBCs which affects the kidneys
- -Continued growth of fetus puts pressure on bladder and diaphragm
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After childbirth, the uterus can return to normal in how many weeks?
6 weeks
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What are the symptoms of Baby Blues / Postpartum Depression?
- Mood Swings
- Feeling sad, anxious or overwhelmed
- Emotional
- Loss of appetite
- Trouble sleeping
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The medical term for vaginal bleeding and discharge that occurs after childbirth. Contains blood, tissue from placenta, and mucus. This can continue for 4-6 weeks after childbirth.
Lochia
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After the baby has been delivered, the breasts begin to secrete __________ (which contains more minerals and protein and less sugar and fat) for the first 5 days.
- Colostrum
- *Breast milk and colostrum both contain WBCs and antigens that protect baby against pathogens
- *WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life
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Menopause occurs at __ years of age on average in the West.
Menopause can last ____ years; the average duration is _ years.
- occurs: 51 years of age
- lasts: 2-10 years
- average: 4 years
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This is a structure beyond the uterus itself, including uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and cervix.
An extraordinary Fu organ.
Bao Gong (the female reproductive system)
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A vessel which connects the uterus to the pericardium.
Bao Mai (communication between heart and uterus)
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The network vessels distributed over the Bao Gong which supply and fill the Bao Gong with KI essence.
Bao Luo (communication between uterus and kidneys)
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Pathologicial Leukorrhea has several form, please describe.
- Cold Damp - copious white discharge
- Damp Heat - copious yellow discharge
- KI Qi Def - cannot hold / store
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Normally, the period should be painless.
If there is pain before the period, what is that due to? during period?
- Before Period: LR Qi Stag
- During Period: LR Blood Stasis
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