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What are the abdominal Quadrants:
- Upper Right
- Upper Left
- Lower Right
- Lower Left
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Abdominal Health History Assessment includes:
- o Pain
- o Allergies (food, lactose)
- o Appetite
- o Bowel Patterns
- o Urinary patterns
- o Indigestion, N/V
- o GI Disorders
- o GU Disorders
- o Injuries
- o Surgeries
- o Alcohol
- o Medications
- o Menstrual history, if applicable
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Patient Preparation for Physical Abdominal Assessment:
- Empty bladder
- Supine
- Warm
- Comfortable
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Assessment Sequence:
- 1) Inspect
- 2) Auscultate
- 3) Percuss
- 4) Palpate
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Inspection of Abdomen:
- o Inspect Contour
- o Assess symmetry, color, peristalsis, pulsations, masses
Striae = Stretch Marks
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Fluid in peritoneal space
Ascites
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To auscultate the abdomen....
- (First- diaphragm...Then, bell...over Vessels)o Normoactive Bowel Sounds
- o Hyperactive Bowel Sounds- related to diarrhea
- or bowel obstruction
- o Hypoactive Bowel Sounds- related to paralytic ileus
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Abdomen Percussion:
- **Percuss all quadrantso Tympany- over abdomen
- o Dullness- over liver
- **CVA tenderness over kidney
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Abdomen Palpation:
- o Use finger pads to lightly palpate
- o Palpate for resistance, tenderness masses, enlargements
- ***Palpate areas of tenderness last
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Palpation of Liver:
- Hooking
- Palpation
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Normal Variations:
- Pregnancy
- Older Adult-- Hypoactive BS, Palpable liver border
- Infant -- Palpatable Liver and Spleen (easier)
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What do you Document after Abdoment Assessment:
- Inspect
- Auscultate
- Percuss
- Palpate
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