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Neurons (excitable cells) => Information transmission
1) Sensory neurons (AFFERENT): detect stimuli in internal or external environment and sends neuronal information to CNS for processing
- 2) Integrating interneurons
- 3) Motor Neurons (EFFERENT): motor neurons connect to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, or smooth muscle. Interacts with glands.
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Sensory (AFFERENT)
Detect stimuli or external environment and sends neuronal information to CNS for processing.
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Motor Neurons (AFFERENT)
- Motor neurons connec to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, or smooth muscle.
- Interacts with glands.
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Glia cells (non-excitable
supporting cells in the NS
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CNS (central nervous system)
Brain and spinal cord
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PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
- All neurons that extend out from the brain and spinal cord.
- -motor neurons often part of PNS
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Excitable cells
Vary their membrane potential
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Neurons
information transmission can vary their membrane potential to perform their physiological function
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Functional Polarization:
- a) input zone
- b) integrating and trigger zone
- c) conduction zone
- d) output zone
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Input zone:
- where the inputs arrive at the neuron and are converted to analog electrical signals (signal transduction)
- -converting NT release, change in membrane potential
- -EPSP, IPSP
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EPSP
- Excitatory post synaptic potential
- (+) depolarized
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IPSP
- Inhibitory post synaptic potential
- (-) Hyperpolarized
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Stimuli
external Ts odorant stimuli is an example.
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Integrating and Trigger Zone:
- Soma and axon hillock
- -Converts analog inputs from the input zone into digital signals (AP-action potentials)
AP> 1m/s or AP< 120 m/s (varies)
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Amperes
units of electrical currrent
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resistance
impediment of current flow (Ohms)
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