Biology chapter 5

(Head) water loving

(tail) ( water- fearing) 

• 1.) Peripheral protein
• 2.)Cholesterol
• 3.)Integral protein
• 4.)Filaments of cytoseton
• 5.)Hydrophilic ( heads)
• 6.) Hydropbic ( Tails)
• 7.) Carbohrdrate chain
• 8.)Glycolipid
• 9.)EMC
• 10.) Glycoprotein 

Helps modify the fldity of the membrane

Integral

Proteins that occur only on the cytoplamic side of the plasma membrane

Animals cells

Various protein fibers and large complex carbohydrate molecules

Gives the cell is  fluidity charteristic

• 1.) Allows the cell to be flexable
• 2.) Prevents the membrance from solidiy 

The membrance from freezing by not allowing contact between certain phospholipid tails when its cold

EMC; prevents them from moving in the fluid phospholipid bilayer. 

glycolipids

glycoproteins

• Diffusion
• Facilated transport

Active and bulk transport

Higher to lower concenrtation

Lower to higher conentration

Bulk= outside or inside

1.) Concentration gradents

2.)Channel. carrier. and concentraion gradents

1.) carrier protein and energy

2.)Vesicle utilization

Regulates the passages of molecules in and out the cell

Cells depends on maintaince of normal compostion

Differntally 

Soluable small molecules

Aquaporin

Glucose, amino acids... carrier must combine with an ion or molecule

Large particles like marcomolcules

some sugar and amino acids

Lipids and souble molecues such as gas

• Exocytosis- moveing particle outside the cell
• Endocytosis- Moving particle inside the cell
• Vesicle formatin- maromolcules and virus 

Moving something to a lower concertration so it can reach equilibrium

• Sloulte (solid)
• Solvent(liquid)

• 1.)Temperture
• 2.)Pressure
• 3.)Molecule size
• 4.) Electrical currecnts 

 osomisis

The greated the osmotic pressure the greater chance that water will diffuse in that direction

Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic

• plants= Turgor (does not bust because of cell wall) ( central vaculoe expands)
• Animals= Hypotonic ( Cell bust)

• Animals= Hypertonic 
• plants plamolysis

Higer concentraion to lower

everything is equal no gain or loss

Faclitated transport 

• 1.)Cahnnel protein- molecules to move freely
• 2.)Carrier protein- Combind with a substance to help it move
• 3.)Cell regonition protein(tell body when its being invaed)
• 4.)Receptor proteins( Allows moles to bind o it and chage shape and celluar responce occurs)
• 5.)Enzymatic protein(Catalyzed a spefic reaction
• 6.) Junction protein-( From a junction between cell) ( allows embryo to have a nervous system.

Moves from lower to higher concentration ( against concentration gradent)

• 1.)Carrier take 3 NA
• 2.)ATP spilts & phosptate actttaches
• 3.)3 NA are released
• 4.)2 K come in 
• 5.) Phtophate is released
• 6.)2 K come into the cell

Macromolecules have to be transported by vesicle formatiuon

• Exocytosis (Allows secretion to occur) 
• Endocyctosis( cels take in substance by vesicle formatin)

• Phagocytosis( Large items like food)
• Pinoytosis( Small like liquids)
• receptor- mediated Endocytosis(substance attached to recepor protein inside a coated pit

• Extracellular matric- outside cell
• Junction- inbetween cell

contribute to communication between cell and therfore tissue formation

• Collegen- resis streching
• Elastic- give EMC restence

Has contrack with cytoskyprs so plays a role in cell signalling

Adhesvie protein that binds a protein to the plasma membrance

• Ahesion junction- attach to adject cells
• Tight junction-plasmsa membrance are attached like a zipper
• Gap junction- allows cell to communitate