-
What is the main sugar used by cells for energy?
Glucose
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Plant cell walls consist mainly of _______________.
Cellulose
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"Saturated" fats contain _______ bonds in their fatty acid tails.
Single
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The buliding blocks of proteins are:
Amino acids
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A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids bonded together by _____________ bonds.
Peptide
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The building blocks of nucleic acid molecules are called _______________.
Nucleotides
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Animal cells are surrounded by a ______ _________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a ____ ______.
plasma membrane, cell wall
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A cell is separated from its environment by a selectively permeable __________ ____________.
Plasma membrane
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What are the two main components of cellular membranes?
Proteins and phospholipids
-
What are the cell's information molecules?
Nucleic acids
-
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
-
Deoxyribinucleic acid (DNA) makes up the ______.
Genes- the inherited library of information
-
What does DNA do?
Carries instructions for building all the proteins that carry out cell activities.
-
RNA does what?
Acts as an intermediary in the protein-making process.
-
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the transferring of:
info from DNA to messenger RNA
-
What is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus
-
What are the primary sites of protein production in a eukaryotic cell?
Ribosomes
-
What organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
Lysosome
-
The nuclear emvelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles make up the
endomembrane system.
-
Mitochondria are found in nearly all ____________ cells.
eukaryotic
-
Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?
Nucleus
-
Where in the cell is ATP made?
Mitochondria
-
Calories are units of _______.
energy
-
The movement of materials into a cell via membranous vesicles is:
endocytosis.
-
The movement of materials out of a cell via membranous vesicles is:
exocytosis.
-
In __________, or "cell eating," the cell engulfs debris, bacteria, or other sizable objects.
phagocytosis
-
In ________, or "cell drinking," the cell engulfs extracellular fluid, including molecules such as sugars and proteins.
pinocytosis
-
When there is a greater concentration of solute outside of the cell this means that the cell is in a _______________ solution.
hypertonic
-
When there is a greater concentration of solute on the inside of a cell that means that the cell is in a __________ solution.
hypotonic
-
__________ is the passive transport of water.
Osmosis
-
A cell will _____ water when placed in a hypotonic solution.
gain
-
A cell will _______ water when placed in a hypertonic solution.
lose
-
What is the term used to describe an animal's ability to survive if the cells are exposed to a hypotonic or hypertonic environment?
Osmoregulation
-
What are the two chemical ingredients needed for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20)
-
Where in a cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
-
Where in a cell does the Krebs (Citric Acid) cycle and Electron Transport occur?
Mitochondria
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