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gigantism
- Pituitary
- + Growth hormone in children
- Tall (8 ft)Normal proportions
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Acromegaly
- Pituitary
- + Growth hormone in adults
- Enlarged hands,feet and jaw
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Dwarfism
- Pituitary
- - Growth hormone in children
- Short (4 ft)Normal proportions
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Diabetes Insipidus
- Pituitary
- - ADH
- Polyuria and polydipsia
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SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)
- Pituitary
- + ADH
- Fluid retention (brain edema, weight gain, hyponatremia)
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Myxedema
- Thyroid
- - Thyroid hormone in adult
- slow metabolic rate, lethargy, thick, dry skin
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Cretinism
- Thyroid
- - Thyroid hormone in infant
- malformed, mentally retarded dwarf
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Grave’s Disease
- Thyroid
- + Thyroid hormone
- fast metabolic rate, nervousness, wt.loss, exophthalmos
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Cushings Disease
- Adrenal Cortex
- + glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- hyperglycemia, muscle loss, hypertension and edema, moon face,buffalo hump, low immunity
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Addison’s Disease
- Adrenal Cortex
- - aldosterone mineralocorticoids & glucocorticoids
- weight loss, low Na+, high K+, dehydration, hypotension
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Pheochromocytoma
- Adrenal Medulla
- + catecholamines
- Massive, uncontrolled sympathetic response
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Diabetes mellitusType I—IDDM
- Pancreas (probably autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
- - insulin production
- ketoacidosis, glycosuria, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
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Diabetes mellitusType II—NIDDM
- Pancreas or Insulin receptors on cells
- - insulin production or faulty receptors
- Same as IDDM—disease on set and management different
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Hypoglycemia
- Pancreas or Insulin overdose
- + insulin
- hypoglycemia causing anxiety, tremors, weakness (may lead to convulsions and death)
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