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Etruscans
exerted the most powerful external influence on the Romans. Their civiization arose in Etruia.
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imperium
right held by a Roman king to enforce commands by fines, arrests, and corporal and capital punishment.
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plebeian
commoner class of Roman families, usually families of small farmers, laboreres, and artisans who were early clients of the patricians.
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Roman Republic (509 B.C.)
the outrageous behavior of the last kings led the noble families to revolt in 509 B.C., bringing the monarchy to a sudden close and leading to the creation of this.
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consuls
elected magistrates from patrician families chosen annually to lead the army, overseee the state religion, and sit as judges.
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censors
men of unimpeachable reputation, chosen to carry the responsiblity for enrolling, keeping track of, and determining the status and tax liablity of each citizen.
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Senate
gained control of the state's finances and of foreign policy; had great influence.
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The Struggle of the Orders
The plebeians vs the patricians
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tribunes
officials elected by the plebeian tribal assembly given the power to protect plebeians from abuse by patrician magistrates.
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Laws of the Twelve Tables
the foundation of Roman law. (early Roman custom in all its harshness and simplicity are codified)
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plebeian assembly
Assembly against patrician’s resistance built at the Sacred Mount.
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Gallic invasion
In 387 B.C, Gauls (barbaric Celtic) defeated Roman army and burned Rome. In 350 B.C, Gallic raids again however, they defended
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Latins, Samnites, Greeks
- in 295 B.C., Roman defeated Samnites at
- Sentinum. And in 275 B.C., Roman defeat Greeks at the
- Sicily- Roman united Italy.
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Pyrrhus
- King of Eprirus: “If we win one more the battle against
- Rome”.. won against Rome, but cost a lot.
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Punic Wars
- Rome vs Carthage
- First Punic Wars (264-241 B.C)
- Rome took Sardinia and Corsica
- Second Punic War (218 BC- 202 BC)
- Hannibal almost won but Scipio finally gave victory to The Rome.
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Hannibal
the General of the Carthage marched to Rome by crossing Alps and defeat Rome in the Battle of Cannae.
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Battle of Cannae
Hannibal defeated the Romans with 80,000 soldiers; the worst defeat in Roman History
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Scipio
a young general of Rome and won at the Battle of Zama
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Battle of Zama
In 202 B.C., the battle between Hannibal and Scipio, which decided the winner of the Punic War.
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