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principles of sociology
- started in france
- attempt to understand the french revolution
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durkeim
- understanding suicide
- he felt that martial status made a difference and religious reasons or even age gender and employment
- moved to germany; cant make money off land anymore so they need jobs
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suicide
- it is by choice but there are other factors involved also
- 1. religion: Protestants are more likely to commit suicide than catholics
- 2. Age: people in middle age are most likely to commit suicide
- 3. gender: men are more likely to commit suicide
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Karl Marx (1818-1883)
- german political scientist; invented communism; looked at people who used to work and the change that was happening
- Believed as societies modernized they become more capatalistic
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Capitalism
the worker works and makes the product, then gives the product to the boss and the boss sells it taking a profit for it. Karl Marx thought this was unfair and that workers were being exploited
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Alienation
a worker in a capital system is being exploited/used
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Conflict theory
- the workers and bosses are never going to be in agreement, they will always be at conflict.
- In a pure communist their is no such thing as inequality everyone is equal. Karl Marx thought this would happen after the revolution
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Industrialization
the large scale introduction or manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country, etc
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Max Weber
- A comtemporary, german sociologist.
- he believed as societies modernized they become more bureaucractic
- did not think capitalism was so bad
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ideal type
works good on paper but not always in reality
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Bureaucracy
- super racial approach the the handling of large tasks
- set rules/procedures to make sure that whatever needs to get done gets done
- as social class gets bigger the tasks become bigger and more difficult to get done
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goal of rational efficiency
- there should be a reason behind everything
- bureaucrarcy should handle this task by the most logical way and most efficent way
- maximixing your resources
- ex. less time, less people
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the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism
the most famous book Max Weber wrote
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Relationship of religious values to economic activity
- in many protestants faiths was compatible with capitalism
- catholics say you will get your reward in the afterlife
- protestants say its ok to make money now
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Material success was a sign of God's favor
- making money was predestined in God's favor
- being wealthy and having extra was what God had planned for you
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Predestination
- protestant faith
- religious belief it has already been decided what is going to happen to you before you were even born
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Social class
- what defined or separated people
- how much money you have
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social status
- the relationship to consuption
- what you can buy
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Signs that a society is modernizing
- when people start living longer
- cities expand
- people look for more/different jobs
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