Exam 1

The exchange of gas between an organism and its environment. 

Small air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of gas takes place. 

The force placed on the walls of a container by molecules of air; force exerted on Area 

State that if a gas remains at a constant temperature and if you increase the size of the container the preasure will decrease. If you decrease the size of the container the opposite will occur and pressure increases; air will flow from positive to negative. 

Another name for the rib cage. 

What are the boundaries of the Support Structure of Respiration?
Superior
Inferior
Lateral 
Anterior
Posterior 

What are the 5 divisions of the Spinal Column and how many ribs are in each? 

This does not have a body or spinous process. 

This courses through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae.

Mussles attach to spinous process of __________; ribs join at the transverse and costal processes; vertebrae join at the articular facet

What do ribs attach to? 

There are twelve pairs; protect the lungs and heart; attach anterior to the sternum; attach posterior to the thoracic vertebrae. 

How many ribs are true, false, and floating? 

Flexible tube; hyaline cartilage rings; connected by a fibro-elastic mucous membrane; bifurcates; mainstem bronchi; provides air way; respiratory passageway 

The right one has 3 lobes; the left one only has 2 lobes; has a mediastinum 

The final division; greater surface area for respiration; air ducts; area for respiration; bronchioles; alveolar ducts; alveoli

About how many alveoli are in the lungs? 

smooth contact for rough tissue; covers the lungs and inner thoracic cavity

The location of the heart

Occurs at rest; requires only one muscle= _____________

Occurs during physical activity; requires many more muscles= ____________

During ______________, vertical dimension of the thorax must be increased. 

The primary muscle of inspiration; shape of an inverted bowl; attached to rib cage, sternum, and vertebral column 

What are the three openings of the diaphragmatic hiatuses? 

When the diaphragm contracts, all fibers contract together which means that all fibers will pull more-or-less equally on the central tendon. The diaphragm is pulled down as a unit. Contraction of the diaphragm has the result of pulling the central tendon down and forward. The diaphragm has the shape of an inverted bowl, pulling on the edges (muscle contraction) will draw the center down.

Innervation of the diaphragm is by means of the ______________. 

The phrenic nerves originate, from the spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5 of both sids of the spinal cord 

Other muscles help the diaphragm raise and expand the ribs, thus increasing the volume of the rib cage. 

Reside between the 12 ribs of the thorax, providing the ribs with both unity and mobility; provide a unified surface of diagonally slanting striated muscle on all costal surfaces of the rib cage with the exception of region near the sternum. Contract and elevate the entire rib cage

The most significant respiratory muscles for speech; provide a significant proportion of the total respiratory capacity, also perform functions that are uniquely speech-related; account for most of the second dimensional change (anterior-posterior as dimsension)

12 small thoracic muscles on the back of the ribcage wall