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IL-1
- Monocytes/macrophages
- 1. autocrine activation
- 2. T-cells stimulated to secrete IL2
- 3. pyrogen – feaver
- 4. B-cell proliferation
- 5. acute phase protiens by the liver
- 6. Second signal for t cell activation
-
IL-2
- TH1 CD4+ T-cells
- 1. autocrine
- 2. Proliferation and differentiation of activated T,B or NK cells
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IL-4
- TH2 CD4+ T cells
- 1. Second signal for B cell activation
- 2. B-cell proliferation
- 3. B-cell AB class switching
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IL-7
- Thymic cortical epithelial cells/Bone Marrow Strom
- 1. T/B cell proliferation during development
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IF-alpha/Beta
- All cells (monocytes, fibroblasts)
- 1. Induces “antiviral state”
- 2. Activates NK cells
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IF-Gama
- T cells and NK cells
- 1. induces antiviral state
- 2. activates NK cells
- 3. class switching to IgG2,3
- 4. Macrophage activation
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Chemokines
- CC – attracts monocytes and T cells
- CXC – attracts neutrophils (IL-8)
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TNF – alpha
- Many cells
- 1. Up-regulate adhesion molecules on epithelial cells
- 2. directly kill tumor cells
- 3. activate monocytes and macrophages
-
TNF – Beta
- T and B cells
- 1. Up-regulate adhesion molecules on epithelial cells
- 2. directly kill tumor cells
- 3. activate monocytes and macrophages
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Emigration of Naive T cells to secondary lymph tissues
- endothelial cells express P-selectin and E-selectin
- 1. Rolling adhesion – L selectin on Leukocytes to P/E
- 2. Tight binding by integrins
- 3. Diapedisis
- 4. Migration
-
CD4 T cell activation
- 1. Antigen/MHCII
- 2. B7/IL-1 by activated Macrophage
- → B7 binds CD28 on t cell
-
CD28
- T cell surface
- Binds B7
- Second activation signal
-
anergic
- non-responsive t cell after receiving only one signal
- Peripheral tolerance
-
Superantigens
- Non-specific
- not processed
- cause massive cytokine release
- binds outside the cleft
- fever nausea shock
-
-
TH1 secretions
- Cell mediated immunity (CD8 t cells)
- IL-2
- IFN gama
- TINF-beta
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TH2 secretions
- B cells (hormonal immunity)
- IL-4
- IL-5
- IL-6
- IL-13
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Delayed type hypersensitivity
- TH1 activate macrophages (free radicals and nitric oxide) and Neutrophils and lymphocytes
- activated macs don't care what they're destroying → self
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