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dextroamphetamine
- stimulant
- MOA: increasd DA and NE by blocking their reuptake
- USES: attention, concentration, ADD
- AE: insomnia, headache, nervousness, aggitation, federally controlled substance - can lead to dependence
- CI: hyperthyroid, HTN, history of drug abuse
- DI: MOAI's - slow absorption and increase actions
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Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate
- Stimulant, long lasting to avoid abuse
- MOA: converted to dextrophmetamine, blocks NE and DA reuptake
- USES: ADD
- prodrug, must be absorbed and metabolized in the blood
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methylphenidate
- stimulant aka ritilin
- MOA: blocks DA and NE reuptake
- USES: ADD, narcolepsy, approved for ADHD in children and adults
- AE: insomnia,headache, irritability, overstimulation
- transdermal patch - not approved for use in adults - could lead to abuse
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caffeine
- adenosine receptor blocker
- has nothing to do with DA - therefore cannot work in ADHD
-
atomoxetine
- non-stimulant
- MOA: selective NE reuptake inhibitor
- USES: ADD
- AE: sedation, fatigue, decrease appetite, rare but life-threatening liver damage
- CI: tramadol, increase risk of seizures, don't use with MAOI's
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bupropion
- non-stimulant
- MOA: boosts NE and DA, blocks the reuptake sites
- USES: major depression, smoking cessation, not approved for ADD and ADHD
- AE: dry mouth, constipation, weight loss, most go away with time
- extended release 1/day best for ADHD
-
guanfacine XR
- non-stimulant
- MOA: alpha 2 agonist, works like clonidine
- USES: ADD, improves attention, concentration, execution, wakefullness
- AE: somnolence, headache, fatigue, upper ab pain
- used when pt also had tics
- XR, don't crush or chew
- often used when too activated or oppositional, with tics or emotional outbursts
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