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present
- ar: o as a amos áis an
- er: o es e emos éis en
- ir: o es e imos ís en
- cuando + habitual action
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Present Progressive:
- action in progress
- estar + -ando or -iendo/yendo
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Preterite
- ar: é aste ó amos asteis aron
- er/ir: í iste ió imos isteis ieron
- state verb came to an end
- action in progress when interrupted: interrupting action
- tell a story or relate past events
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Imperfect
- Saying what you used to do (habitually or repeatedly)
- ar: aba abas aba ábamos abais aban
- er/ir: ía ías ía íamos íais ían
- ongoing states
- action in progress when interrupted: action in progress
- describes background of story.
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Imperfect Irregulars:
- Only 3
- ir: iba ibas iba íbamos ibais iban
- ser: era eras era éramos erais eran
- ver: veía veías veía veíamos veíais veían
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Present Perfect:
- Saying what you have done.
- present tense of haber, followed by past participle (ado or ido)
- have you ever?
- have or have not done.
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Haber present tense conjugation
He, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han
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Polite Commands
- change -ar endings to -e; -er endings to -a. To more then one person, add -n.
- Irregular stem in yo form in present tense, usually same irregularity in command.
- pronouns attatched to +, precede -
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Softening Commands
Present subjunctive following querer que or sugerir que
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Present subjunctive
- ar: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en
- er/ir: -a, -as, -a, -amos, áis, -an
- pronouns attatched to +, precede -
- cuando + future action
- verbs ending in -oy in yo form and saber have irregular stems
- based on: e>ie or o>ue stem, keep except in nos/vos
- based on: e>i, keep for all
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Imperfect Progressive
- past action in progress. taking place at some momen in the past.
- imperfect tense of estar + present participle
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Informal commands
- singular +: same as he/she in present
- informal -: add -s to usted command form
- vos +: change final -r to -d
- vos -: use subjunctive.
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