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CHONPS are the building blocks of most biological molecules

• Carbon (C)
• Hidrogen (H)
• Oxygen (O)
• Nitrogen (N)
• Phosphorus (P)
• Sulfur (S)

Is the smallest particle that exhibits the chemical properties of an element

An atom is devided into 3 subatomic particles:

• Protons (+)
• Neutrons (no charge)
• Electrons (-)

• Note: Prefix "iso" means equal, same.
• Note #2: Isotopes share the same chemical characteristics but have different atomic masses

They are different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons, but different number of neutrons

They are atoms or groups of atoms with either a positive charge or a negative charge

Cations

Anions

• Sodium (Na⁺)
• Potassium (K⁺)
• Calcium (Ca⁺)
• Magnesium (Mg⁺)
• Hydrogen (H⁺)

• Chloride (Cl^-)
• Bicarbonate (HCO₃^-)
• Phosphate (PO_3/4^-)

• Conduction of electrical signals in neuron and muscles
• Cotransportation of substances across plasma membranes
• Most important in osmotic movement of water (BP)
• Most common extracellular cation

• Hardness bones and theet
• Muscle contraction
• Exocystosis
• Blood clotting
• Second messenger on hormonal stimulation of cells

• Role in glycogen storage in liver and muscle
• Funtion on pH balance
• Conduction of electrical signals in neurons and muscles
• Most common extracellular cation

• Regulates body temperature
• Cushions
• Transports
• Lubricates
• Neutral pH
• High surface tension
• Universal solvent

The only main difference is that organic molecules are molecules that contain Carbon as to non-organic molecules do not contain Carbon.

• Lipids
• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic acids
• Proteins

• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides

• Glucose (hexo)
• Isomers (hexo)
• Galactose (hexo)
• Fructose (hexo)

• Tryglicerides
• Phospolipids
• Steroids
• Eicosaniods

• Ribose (pento)
• Deoxyribose (pento)

To provide energy to the cell in to form of sugars that are broken down into glucose for consumption and glycogen for storage.

Depending on their base molecules they can serve many purposes like long term energy storage (tryglicerides), major componet in membranes including cell walls probiding a hydrophobic barrier (phospholipids), take part of major roles on the lymphatic system (steroids) or the creation of inflamation due to immunologic respond (eicosanoids)

The cell scientists estimate that more than 10,000 different proteins, that serve a vast array of funtions including:

• Catalys
• Defense
• Transport
• Support
• Movement
• Regulation
• Storage

Is to store and transfer genetic or hereditary information in cells.