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What are the two main components of blood?
Name the formed elements
PLASMA (55%) AND FORMED ELEMENTS (45%)
- Formed elements:
- Ertyrocytes (RBCs)
- Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Platelets
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Name the important characteristics of Plasma and what blood transports
90% water- solvent for carrying other substances, absorbs heat
Electrolytes: pH buffering, osmotic balance
Plasma Protiens: Albumin (buffer) is most common, then globulins (antibodies), and fibrinogen (clotting of blood)
Transports: nutrients, waste products of metabolism, respiratory gases, hormones
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Describr this formed element and its function
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Gas Transport via hemoglobin (Hb)
- -transports about 60% of body's O2
Anucleate when mature
Lifespan 100-120 days
4.5 -5.5 mil per mm 3
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Name the two types of Leukocytes and what they are
- Granular: granules stain differently with Wright's Stain
- -neutrophils
- -eosinophils
- -basphils
- Agranular: no visible cytoplasmic granules
- -Lymphocytes
- -Monocytes
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Name the leukocytes from most common to least common
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
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Describe this YELLOW ARROW leukocyte and its function(s)
Neutrophil: multilobed "crazy" nuclei, pale lilac cytoplasm
Phagocytize bacteria- numbers increase dramatically during acute infections
50-70% of leukocyte population
* takes up both basic and acidic dyes
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Describe this RED ARROW leukocyte and its function(s)
Eosinophil: bilobed nucleus, looks like alien eyes or dumbbell, stain red or orange in Wright's dye, large granules
Kills parasytic worms; complex role in allergy and asthma (reduces inflammation)
2-4% of leukocyte population
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Describe this BLUE ARROW leukocyte and its function(s)
Monocyte: nucleus is U or kidney shaped, gray/blue crytal like cytoplasm, largest leukocyte
Phagocytosis into macrophages in tissues; increase dramatically during chronic infections like TB
3-8% of leukocyte population
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Describe this GREEN ARROW leukocyte and its function(s)
Lymphocyte: nucleus is spherical or indented with little dark bllue/purple cytoplasm, approx size of RBC
smallest of the leukocytes
produce antibodies (gives rise to plasma cells): mount immune system reponse by direct attack or via antibodies
25%+ of leukocyte population
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Describe this leukocyte and its function(s)
Basophil: nucleus lobed in U or S shape with indentations, large dark purple granules in basic dyes
release histomine (increases inflammation) and other mediators of inflammation; contain heparin
less than 1% leukocyte population
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- A: Basophil
- B. Lymphocyte
- C. Monocyte
- D. Neutrophil
- E. Eosinophil
- D. Erythrocytes
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What are those tiny purple spots in this slide?
Platelets (thrombocytes): fragments of megakaryocytes
seal small tears in blood vessels; instrumental to clotting
platelets + fibrin = clot
300,000 per mm3
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What is wrong with this Erythrocyte?
Sickle Cell anemia
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Who is the universal donor and who is the universal recipient?
Name the most common and least common blood types
Universal Donor: O-
Universal Recipient: AB+
Most common: O(+)
Least Commone: AB (-)
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Describe blood typing
Antigens or Antigutinogens: determines blood type by clotting/clumping
Antibodies or Agglutinins: antibodies in plasma; the opposite of Antigens (what doesn't like that blood type)
Rh- 85% of the population is rh +
- A blood type: A antigen, Anti-B (antibody)
- B blood type: B antigen, Anti-A (antibody)
- AB blood type: A and B antigen, NO ANTIBODY
- O Blood type: NEITHER ANTIGEN, Anti-A and anti-B(antibody)
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What is the average blood volume of adult male and adult female?
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What determines whether blood is bright red or dull red?
How much oxygen it has: bright red is is full of O2, dull red is O2 deficient
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List the four types of nutrients found is Plasma, the two gases, and the three ions
- NUTRIENTS:
- 1. Glucose
- 2. Fatty Acids
- 3. Amino Acids
- 4. Vitamins
- IONS:
- 1. Calcium Ca2+
- 2. Magnesium Mg2+
- 3. Sodium Na+
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