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Coordinate geometry (COGO)
A branch of geometry that provides the methods for creating geospatial data of points, lines, and polygons from survey data.
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Data conversion
Conversion of geospatial data from one format to another.
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Differential correction
A method that uses data froma base station to correct noise errors in GPS data.
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Digital line graphs (DLGs)
Digital representaions of point, line, and area features from USGS quadrangle maps including contour lines, spot elevations, hydrography, boundaries, transportation, and U.S. Public Land Survey System.
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Digitizing
The process of converting data from analog to digital format.
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Digitizing table
A table with a built-in electronic mesh that can sense the position of the cursor and can transmit its x-, y-coordinates to the connected computer.
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Direct translation
The use of a translator or algorithm in a GIS pachage to directly convert geospatial data from one format to another.
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Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)
A U.S. multiagency committee that coordinates the developement of geospatial data standards.
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Framework data
Data that many organizations regularly use for GIS activities.
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Geospatial One-Stop (GOS)
A portal established by the Federal Office of Management and Budget for accessing geospatial data.
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Global positioning system (GPS) data
Longitude, latitude, and elevation data for point locations made available through a navigational satellite system and a reciever.
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Metadata
Data that provide information about geospatial data.
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National Elevation Dataset (NED)
A USGS program that uses a seamless system for delivering 1:24,000 scale DEMs.
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National Land Cover Data (NLCD)
Land use/land cover data from the USGS. NLCD 1992 are based on the Thematic Mapper imagery of the early 1990s and NLCD 2001 from the Landsat 7 ETM + imagery.
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Neutral format
A public format such as SDTS that can be used for data exchange.
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On-screen digitizing
Manual digitizing on the computer monitor by using a data source such as a DOQ as the background.
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Scanning
A digitizing method that converts an analog map into a scanned file in raster format, which can then be converted back to vector format through tracing.
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Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
Public data formats for tranferring geospatial data such as DLGs and DEMs from the USGS.
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SSURGO (Soil Survey Geographic)
A soil database compiled from field mapping at scales from 1:12,000 to 1:63,360 by the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the U.Scu. Department of Agriculture.
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STATSGO (State Soil Geographic)
A soil database compiled at 1:250,000 scale by the Natural Resources Conservation Services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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TIGER (Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing)
A database prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau that contains legal and statistical area boundaries, which can be linked to the census data.
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Vector product format (VPF)
A standard format, structue, and organization for large geographic databases that are based on a georelational data model.
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Vectorization
The process of converting raster lines into vector lines through tracing.
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