Chapter 17

bonelike substaces beneath tooth enamel

smallest of major salivary glands

tooth specialized for grinding

chamber between tongue and palate

projections on tongue surface

cone shaped projection of soft palate

attaches tooth to jaw

chisel shaped tooth

space between the teeth, cheeks and lips

anchors tongue to floor of mouth

portion of tooth projecting beyond gum

the part of the pahynx superior to the soft palate is called the ______

the middle part of the pharynx is called the _______

in inferior part of the pharynx is called the __________

the main secretion of the esophagus

name the four regions of the stomach

the gastric cells that secret digestive enzymes

name the gasteric cells that secret hydrochloric acid

the most important digestive enzyme in gastric juice

the semifluid paste of food particles and gastric juice

name the three portions of the small intestine

define the function of the mesentery

the valve located between the small and large intestines

mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that cell membranes can absorb

breaks large pieces into smaller ones without altering their chemical composition

breaks food into simpler chemicals

layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that functions to protection, secretion, and absorbtion

layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that functions to nurishe surrounding tissues, transports absorbed minerals

layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that functions to movements of the tube and its contents

layer of the wall of the alimentary canal that functions to protection and lubrication

rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in the wwalls of certain tubular organs

important in controlling secretions by the gastrointestional tract

the muscular layer controls gastrointestional motility

thick muscular organ that occupies the floor of the mouth

forms the roof of the oral cavity and consists of a hard anteror part and a soft posterior part

hardest structures in the body, they are not considered part of the skeletal system

What are the effects of swollen tonsils?

How many teeth are present in the adult mouth?

What is the composition of enamel?

salivary gland that secrets a clear watery serous fluid, rich in salivary amylase

salivary gland that secrets some serous fluid with some mucus; more viscous than parotid secretion

salivary gland that secrets the primarily think, stringy mucus

Which salivary glands are the largest?

Which enzyme is present in saliva?

what does Amylase help to digest

mass of food passing through the gastrointestional tract

a hole in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes. It is located in the right crus of the diaphragm.

at the end of the pyloric canal, the circular layer of fibers in its muscular wall thickens, forming a powerful muscle

is the pyloric sphincter remained closed what would the effect be?

substance that gastric glands produce to promote absorbtion of vitamin b12

the slight, taste, smell, or thought of food triggers paprsympathetic relfexes. gastric juice is secreted in response.

food in stomach chemically and mechanically stimulates release of gastrin, which, in turn, stimulates secretion of gastric juice

as food enters the small intestine, it stimulates intestinal cells to release gastrin, which, in turn, promotes the secretion of gastric juice from the stomach wall

carbohydrate digesting enzyme that spilts molecules of starch or glycogen into disaccharides

fat digesting enzyme that breaks triglyceride molecules into fatty aacids and monoglycerides

protein splitting enzymes, each of these enzymes spilts bonds between particular combinations of amino acids in proteins

(3)

stimulates the pancreas to secrete abundant fluid when acidic chyme enters the duodenum

fixed to the inner lining of the hepatic sinusoids, remove most of the bacteria from the blood by phagocytosis

yellowish green liquidthat hepatic cells continuously secrete

formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts

where does the bile duct empty?

What is the function of bile salts?

Which substance is found in most gallstones?

gastric cells in response to food...increases secretory activiy of gastric glands

cells of the small intestine....increases secretory activiy of gastric glands

gastric cells....inhibits secretion of acid by parietal cells

intestional wall cells in response to fat....inhibits secretion of acid by parietal cells

intestinal wall cells....decreases secretory activity of gastric glands and inhibits gastric motility

cells in the deodenal wall...stimulates pancreas to secrete fluid with a high bicarbonate ion concentration

wall is lined with villi that greatly increase the surface area and aid in mixing and absorbtion

firmly, double fold of peritoneal membrane called the ________ ________ drapes like an apron from the stomach over the transverse colon and folds of the small intestine

Where are most nutrients absorbed?

secreted by the small intestine and split peptides into their constituent amino acids

secreted by the small intestine and splits fats into fatty acids and glycerol

microscopic droplet of fat in the blood that forms following fat digestion

What are the parts of the large intestine?

found at the end of our small caecum and located near the beginning of the large intestine

During a colonoscopy, what is the correct sequence that the fiberoptic tube would encounter?

What is absorbed in the large intestine?

painful, swollen veins in the lower portion of therectum or anus