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Where does the energy for human metabolism come from?
Sun/food
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Write the chemical equation that is used to summarize photosynthesis.
- 6CO2+6H2O(yields w/ sunlight) C6H12O6+ 6O2
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Light absorbing substances are called?
Pigments
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Pigments found in plants include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and __________
carotenoids
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Electrons that leave the chlorophyll molecules are replaced by electrons from split _____ molecules
water
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ATP and ______ are produced in the second stage of photosynthesis
NAPDH
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The series of molecules through which excited electrons are passed down a thylacoid membrane is called an ______
ETC
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ATP is made from ADP by adding a(n) ___________ group to a molecule of ADP
phosphorus
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What is the role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
It fixes the carbon in CO2 to make sugar
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What are three enviromental factors that affect photosynthesis?
sunlight, water, and carbon
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Cells harvest the energy in organic compounds to make ATP through a process called ____________
Cellular respiration
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Metabolic processes that require oxygen are called ________ process.
aerobic
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The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called
glycolysis
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The primary fuel for cellular respration is ___________
glucose
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In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucoseis broken down to ____________
2 pyruvic acids
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How is acetyl-CoA produced?
pyruvate is oxidized
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What are the product of the electron transport chain in the second stage of cellular respiration?
32 ATP
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When oxygen is not present, the _______ does not function
Aerobic CR
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Two types of fermation are:
alcohol and lactic acid
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The role of fermentation in cellular respiration is to recycle ________.
lactic acid back to glucose
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Why do cells produce more ATP under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions?
More energy is created for the ETC to occur
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What does ETC stand for?
Electric Transport Chain
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Define Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food
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Where is the site of the photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
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Where does the Kreb's Cycle occur?
The mitochondrion
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What is the Glucose formula?
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Which process requires energy aerobic or anerobic?
aerobic
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ATP does what?
stores/provides energy
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What does ADP stand for?
Adenosine diphosphate
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What is glycolysis?
The anaerobic process of splitting glucose and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid
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How many ATP are produced within each of the following:
Glycolysis
Kreb's Cycle
ETC
2,2, & 32
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Define what the Golgi Apparatus is.
- It sorts,packages & transports cells
- *Like a post office!
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Define what a vacuole is.
- Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
- Plants usually have one large vacuole while animals have many small ones.
- *Vacume! It stores!
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What are chloroplasts filled with?
Chlorophyll
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What does a mitochondria do?
Creates energy in the form of ATP
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What does a smooth ER do?
transports fats
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What does a rough ER do?
Transports protiens
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What do Lysosomes do?
- Cleans up the cell
- *think of lysol, it cleans
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What does a nucleus do?
Controls all cell functions, where the DNA is located
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Define the main function of Ribosomes
- To make protiens. Either attached to Rough ER of free floating. Looks like little dots.
- *Mmm ribs, makes protien!
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Describe the Cell Wall
It is outside of the cell membrane and protects the cell. Only found in plants.
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Describe the cell membrane.
It protects the cell, keeps everything inside the cell, and allows materials in and out.
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Where does light reaction occur?
thylokoid membrane
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What happens in light raction?
Light energy is converted into chemical energy
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What do photosystems do?
They absorb photons in the thylakoid membrane
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Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
stroma
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What is carbon fixation?
Carbon being fixed into a useful form
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What are stomata?
Pores on the underside of leaves to let carbon dioxide in and oxygen and water vapor out.
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What does photosynthesis create?
Glucose and oxygen
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Where does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplasts
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What occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria?
Kreb's Cycle
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What does the Krebs Cycle do?
Breaks down pyruvate and makes 2 ATP
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