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Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
Breathing process of air moving into and out of the lungs so that the gases in the air sacs (aveoli) of the lungs are continuosly refreshed.
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External respiration
Gas exhchange that occurss between the blood and alveoli ( oxygen loading and co2 unloading)
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Respiratory gas transport
O2 and CO2 are transported to and from the lungs and tissue via the bloodstream
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Internal respiration
Gas exchange occurs between the blood and the body's tissues in the systemic capillaries.
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Volume and pressure
Inspiration
- >During the process of taking air into the lungs (inspiration) the diaphram & intercostal muscles contract, causing the thoracic cavity to increase in size.
- >Volume increases to accomodate the air entering the lungs.
- >As air move into the lungs the pressure decreases.
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Volume and pressure
Expiration
- >During breathing out process ( expiration) the diaphragm & intercostal muscles relax, the lungs recoil, and intrapulmonary volume decreases.
- > gases inside the lung are forced together causing pressure to increases as it forces the gases out.
- >pressure become equal as we breath out.
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Asthma
- >person have narrow passageways
- >expiration becomes an active process.
- >person uses intercostal and abdominal muscles to force air out of the lungs.
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Respiration rate
- >dependent upon the persons size, gender,age, physical capabilities.
- > rate increased in an unwell person
- >have difficulty breathing out
- >use their abdominal muscles and diaphragm to aid in forcing air out of lungs.
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Eupnea
Normal quite breathing
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Respiration Volume
Tidal Volume (TV)
Normal respiration (12 breaths/min: approx 500ml)
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Dead space volume (DSV)
30% of air remaining in the conducting zone
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Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
The amount of air that is forced out of the ungs after tidal volume, amounting to as much as 1200ml
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Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Exceeding the normal breathing (TV) involving 2100-3200ml
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Residual volume (RV)
The amount of air not able to be expelled from lung- this may be 1200ml
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Vital capacity (VC)
- Total of amount of air exchange in the lung.
- Total of tv, irv,and erv
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