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In what parts of the US is Histoplasma capsulatum usually found?
River valleys of central US
What is the main route of infection of Histoplasmosis?
Inhalation
What cells does Histoplasma capsulatum infect?
Intracellularly macrophages (pulmonary)
What type of response does a Histoplasma infection cause to the tissue it is infecting?
Granulomatous (pyogranulomatous)
What is the most common form of Histoplasma infection?
Subclinical (self limiting)
What is seen in the least common form (Acute pulmonary) of histoplasmosis?
Moderately enlarged hilar lymph nodes
What are the two most common clinical signs associated with the intestinal form of histoplasmosis?
Intractable diarrhea
Progressive weight loss
What is the most common form of histoplasmosis in cats?
Disseminated form (extrapulmonary)
What is required for a definitive diagnosis of Histoplasmosis?
Cytology or histopathology (ID organism)
In histoplasma cytology, what results from shrinkage of cytoplasm from cell wall during fixation?
Clear halo or "pseudocapsule" develops
What is the preferred treatment for Histoplasmosis?
Itraconazole
What treatment for Histoplasmosis is better for penetration of eyes and CNS?
Fluconazole
In what parts of the US is Blastomyces dermatitidis usually found?
River valleys of central US (within 1/4 mile of water)
What is the primary source of infection of Blastomycosis?
Inhalation
What are the four most common sites in dogs of extrapulmonary dissemination of blastomycosis?
Lymph nodes
Skin
Eyes
Bones
What is necessary for definitive diagnosis of blastomycosis?
ID of organism
What type of serology provides a better presumptive diagnosis of blastomycosis?
Antigen testing
What is the best treatment for blastomycosis?
Itraconazole
What is the best treatment of ocular or CNS forms of blastomycosis?
Fluconazole
Where in the US is Coccidiomycosis usually seen?
Dry desert southwest
Where is the disseminated form of coccidiomycosis common in the dog? cat?
Dog - bones
Cat - Skin
What is usually necessary for presumptive diagnosis of coccidiomycosis? Definitive diagnosis?
Presumptive - Serology
Definitive - ID organism
What type of treatment may be required for disseminated form of coccidiomycosis?
Lifelong -azole therapy
What is the most common systemic fungal disease in cats?
Cryptococcosis
How are most cats infected with cryptococcus?
Dissemination from nasal cavity
What clinical signs are commonly seen with a cryptococcus nasal infection in cats?
Firm swellings over bridge of nose
Stertorous breathing
What are the preferred sites of cryptococcal dissemination?
Skin
CNS
eyes
How is a presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcosis acquired?
Detection of capsular antigen
What organism causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in the dog?
Rickettsia rickettsii
The majority of dogs infected with RMSF develop what type of disease?
Subclinical
What are some common clinical signs associated with RMSF?
Fever
Depression
What is often the only or most prominent feature of RMSF?
Neutrophilic polyarthritis (inflammation of the joints)
What is a consistent finding in the CBC of a dog with RMSF?
Thrombocytopenia
How is RMSF diagnosed?
Positive serum antibody titers (IFA)
AND clinical signs
What is the most commonly used antibiotic to treat RMSF and canine ehrlichiosis?
Doxycycline
What organism is the cause of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?
E. canis
What is the most prominent clinical sign associated with canine ehrlichiosis (acute phase)?
Vasculitis
What is the main problem associated with canine ehrlichiosis (chronic phase)?
Immune reactions
What are the most common CBC findings of a dog with canine ehrlichiosis?
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
How do you obtain a presumptive diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis?
Positive serology
AND clinical signs
What other problems often are associated with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis?
Esophageal dysfunction
Generalized neuropathy
Is most polyneuropathy associated with laryngeal paralysis life limiting?
No, weakness and deficits may exist
What anatomic abnormalities are associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome?
Stenotic nares
Elongated soft palate
Everted laryngeal saccules
Laryngeal collapse
Hypoplastic trachea (English Bulldog)
Author
HLW
ID
170593
Card Set
SA Med I
Description
SA Med I
Updated
2012-09-14T01:51:31Z
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