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What is the cause of rocky mountain spotted fever? dogs and/or cats?
- ricketsia rickettsii (only ricketsial agent that causes disease)
- cats resistant to dz, dogs only
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How is RMSF transmitted? Where and when is it more common?
- ticks (transovarially in tick so nymphs and larvae infected w/o feeding)
- SE states from March-Oct when ticks more active (seasonal)
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Is RMSF zoonotic?
yes but rarely acquired from your dog
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When do clinical signs emerge with RMSF? What are common presenting signs? Which is often most prominent feature?
- 2-3 days after exposure
- polyarthritis(most prominent)
- vasculitis (rep. in endothelial cells) and antiplatelet Ab
- thrombocytopenia signs; melena, edema
- pulmonary disease
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After infection with RMSF, do most dogs get subclinical, acute, or chronic disease?
majority subclinical (no age, sex predilection)
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Is lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly more common with RMSF or ehlichiosis?
ehrlichiosis (these are signs of chronicity, RMSF has no chronicity)
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How is polyarthritis sample usually described with RMSF?
neutrophilic polyarthritis
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What CBC are consistent with RMSF?
thrombocytopenia (due to vasculitis)
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Why is hyperglobulinemia uncommon with RMSF?
this is a sign of chronicity, RMSF does not have chronicity
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What 2 things are needed to diagnose RMSF?
+ titers (IFA) with clinical signs (anemia, thrombocytopenia, polyarthritis)
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Are RMSF patients treated as In or Out-patients? What is the treatment?
- in patient b/c need fluid tx (careful due to vasculitis)
- doxycycline or fluoroquinolones
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Is fluoroquinolones appropriate for treating RMSF? Ehrlichiosis?
- yes for RMSF
- Not for ehrlichiosis
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What is prognosis for RMSF with treatment?
- response often within 24-48 hours
- fair to good prognosis (only 5% die - kidney failure or cardiac)
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Is treatment curative for RMSF? Ehrlichia?
permanent immunity likely with RMSF (not ehrlichia)
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What is most consistent feature of ehrlichiosis?
thrombocytopenia
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does ehrlichiosis affect dogs and/or cats?
dogs only (E.canis)
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Is ehrlichiosis passed transovarially in the tick?
no so tick must feed on infected dog (only with RMSF)
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Which cell does E. canis usually affect?
monocytropic
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Is ehrlicia seasonal?
no, because subclinical infection can show up months to years later; and chronic phase
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What are features of acute ehrlichiosis? prognosis
(similar to RMSF) vasculitis and anemia, mononuclear cells infected; most dogs recover with or without treatment
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What are common features of chronic ehrlichiosis?
- bleeding tendencies/anemia
- polyarthritis (E. ewingii)
- lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
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If dog recovers from E. canis will he have protective immunity?
no; reinfection possible and serology may remain positive
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What is treatment of choice for e.canis?
doxycycline (do NOT use enrofloxacin-won't eliminate infection)
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What is prognosis for ehrlichiosis?
- good short term, improvement in 24-48 hours
- chronic may require long term Abs
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Who is affected by anaplasmosis?
cats, dogs, sheep, horses, and humans
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Who acts as reservoir for anaplasmosis?
rodents and small mammals (same w/RMSF)
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What are most common clinical features of anaplasmosis in the dog?
fever, reluctant to move ,thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia
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Is there a seasonal feature of anaplasmosis?
acute disease in fall when ticks are active
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Where do anaplasmosis morulae reside in the body?
granulocytes (neutrophils)
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What are diagnostic options for anaplasmosis?
serology or PCR
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How do you treat anaplasmosis?
doxycycline - rapid improvement
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What is cause of feline infectious anemia?
mycoplasma haemofelis
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How is mycoplasma haemofelis transmitted?
- fleas bites
- queen to kitten
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How does FeLV affect prognosis of mycoplasma haemofelis? what about FIV?
- FeLV: worsens
- FIV: not worse
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Do cats clear mycoplasma infections?
No, can be clinically normal but remain carriers (organism in macrophages)
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Is icterus a common feature of mycoplasma?
rarely
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What are clinical features of mycoplasma?
regen. anemia, cyclic fever, splenomegaly, wt loss
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Where could you see mycoplasma organism?
blood smear; on surface of RBC
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How is mycoplasma treated?
- doxycycline (esophageal strictures) - rapid response
- cats remain carriers!
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What dogs get hemobartonella canis?
splenectomized dogs or those with serious illness/chemotherapy
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